This post touches on few of the above points, i.e., philosophy, science, religion, culture and language (of science).

Two quotes from Carl Sagan's 'Cosmos' (1982):

"The last scientist who worked in the Library [of Alexandria] was a mathematician, astronomer, physicist and the head of the Neoplatonic school of philosophy - an extraordinary range of accomplishment for any individual in any age. Her name was Hypatia...Cyril, the Archbishop of Alexandria, despised her because of her close friendship with the Roman governor, and because she was a symbol of learning and science, which were largely identified by the early church with paganism. In great personal danger, she continued to teach and publish, until in the year 415, on her way to work she was set upon by a fanatical mob of Cyril's parishioners. They dragged her from her chariot, tore off her clothes, and, armed with abalone shells, flayed her flesh from her bones. Her remains were burned, her works obliterated, her name forgotten. Cyril was made a saint."

- I quote that because it highlights two points. The first is that religion, contrary to its teaching and as everyone alive today may witness, frequently leads to such deeds. The second is that very many people even in today's sophisticated societies, 1600 years after the murder of Hypatia, apparently continue to see science as a threat to their religion.

"Through technological advances in communication our planet is in the final stages of being bound up at a breakneck pace into a single global society. If we can accomplish the integration of the Earth without obliterating cultural differences or destroying ourselves, we will have accomplished a great thing."

- Science has the potential that religion clearly lacks, to be a unifying force across cultural boundaries. Its language is universal. Science is providing the bedrock of an ethically advanced society based on genuine mutual insight. The insight and the spiritual benefits are not the science or the technology, but rather an indirect product.
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Off topic quote of the day.

Re: quantum physics: -

"research is so exciting – unpredictable things keep happening all the time.”

Professor Serge Haroche, Collège de France.

"Time is what prevents everything from happening at once" - John Wheeler