RARE "HIV Discoverer" Robert Gallo Signed 10X8 Color Photo For Sale
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RARE "HIV Discoverer" Robert Gallo Signed 10X8 Color Photo:
$399.99
Up for sale a RARE! "HIV Discoverer" Robert Gallo Hand Signed 10X8 Color Photo.
ES-5336E
Robert
Charles Gallo (/ˈɡɑːloʊ/; born March 23, 1937) is an American biomedical researcher. He is best known for his
role in the discovery of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) as
the infectious agent responsible for acquired immune
deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and in the development of the HIV
blood test, and he has been a major contributor to subsequent HIV research. Gallo
is the director and co-founder of the Institute of Human Virology (IHV)
at the University of
Maryland School of Medicine in Baltimore, Maryland,
established in 1996 in a partnership including the State of Maryland and the
City of Baltimore. In November 2011, Gallo was named the first Homer &
Martha Gudelsky Distinguished Professor in Medicine. Gallo is also a co-founder
of biotechnology company Profectus BioSciences, Inc. and co-founder and
scientific director of the Global Virus Network (GVN).
Gallo was the most cited scientist in the world from 1980 to 1990, according to
the Institute for Scientific Information, and he was ranked third in the world
for scientific impact for the period 1983–2002. He has published over
1,300 papers. Gallo was born in Waterbury, Connecticut to
a working-class family of Italian descent. He earned a BS degree in Biology in 1959 from Providence College and
received an MD from Jefferson Medical College in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in
1963. After completing his medical residency at
the University of Chicago, he
became a researcher at the National Cancer Institute,
where he worked for 30 years, mainly as head of the Laboratory of Tumor Cell
Biology. Gallo states that his choice of profession was influenced by the early
death of his sister from leukemia, a disease to which he initially
dedicated much of his research. After
listening to a talk by biologist David Baltimore and further stimulation from his
virologist colleague, Robert Ting, concerning the work of the late Howard Martin Temin, Gallo
became interested in the study of retroviruses, and made their study the primary activity of his
lab. In 1976, Doris Morgan, a first year post-doctoral fellow in Gallo's lab,
was asked by Gallo to examine culture fluid of activated lymphocytes for the
possible production of growth factors. Soon she was successful in growing T lymphocytes. Gallo, Morgan and Frank Ruscetti, another
researcher in Gallo's lab, coauthored a paper in Science describing their method. The Gallo group identified this as T-cell
growth factor (TCGF). The name was changed in 1978 to IL-2 (interleukin-2) by the Second International
Lymphokine Conference (which was held in Interlaken, Switzerland). Although earlier reports had described soluble
molecules with biologic effects, the effects and biochemistry of the factors
were not well characterized. One such example was the report by Julius Gordon
in 1965, which described blastogenic transformation of
lymphocytes in extracellular media. However, cell growth was not demonstrated
and the affected cell type was not identified, making the identity of the
factor(s) involved unclear and its natural function unknown. The discovery of
IL-2 allowed T cells, previously thought to be dead end cells, to be grown
significantly in culture for the first time, opening research into many aspects
of T cell immunology. Gallo's lab later purified and biochemically
characterized IL-2. This breakthrough also allowed researchers to grow T-cells
and study the viruses that affect them, such as human T-cell leukemia virus,
or HTLV, the first retrovirus identified in humans, which Bernard
Poiesz, another post-doctoral fellow in Gallo's lab played a key role in its
isolation. HTLV's role in leukemia was clarified when Kiyoshi Takatsuki
and other Japanese researchers, puzzling over an outbreak of a rare form of
leukemia, later independently found the same retrovirus, and both groups
showed HTLV to be the cause. At the same time, a similar HTLV-associated
leukemia was identified by the Gallo group in the Caribbean. In 1982,
Gallo received the Lasker Award: "For his pioneering
studies that led to the discovery of the first human RNA tumor virus [the old
name for retroviruses] and its association with certain leukemias and lymphomas.
On May 4, 1984, Gallo and his collaborators published a series of four papers
in the scientific journal Science demonstrating that a retrovirus they had
isolated, called HTLV-III in the belief that the virus was related to the
leukemia viruses of Gallo's earlier work, was the cause of AIDS. A French team at the Pasteur Institute in Paris, France, led by Luc Montagnier, had published a paper in Science in
1983, describing a retrovirus they called LAV (lymphadenopathy associated
virus), isolated from a patient at risk for AIDS. Gallo was awarded
his second Lasker Award in 1986 for "determining that the retrovirus now
known as HIV-1 is the cause of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
(AIDS)." He is the only recipient of two Lasker Awards. In 1986, Gallo, Dharam Ablashi, and Syed Zaki
Salahuddin discovered human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6), later found to cause Roseola infantum, an
infantile disease. In 1989, at a conference sponsored by the
Catholic Church at Vatican City on HIV/AIDS, Gallo promised
attendees that there would be an effective vaccine by 1992. In 1991,
following years of controversy surrounding a 1987 out of court settlement
between the National Institutes of Health and France's Pasteur Institute, Gallo
admitted the virus he claimed to have discovered in 1984 was in reality a virus
sent to him from France the year before, putting an end to a six-year effort by
Gallo and his employer, the National Institutes of Health, to claim the AIDS
virus as an independent discovery. In 1995, Gallo with his colleagues Paolo Lusso and
Fiorenza Cocchi published their discovery that chemokines, a class of naturally
occurring compounds, are potent and specific HIV inhibitors. This discovery was heralded by Science
magazine as one of the top scientific breakthroughs of the year. The role
chemokines play in controlling the progression of HIV infection has influenced
thinking on how AIDS works against the human immune system] and led to a class of drugs used to treat HIV,
the chemokine antagonists or entry inhibitors, and helped (conceptually) in the advances
that led to the discovery of the cell co-receptor for HIV infection, because
this is the molecule the HIV inhibitory molecules bind.Gallo and two longtime
scientific collaborators, Robert R. Redfield and William A. Blattner,
founded the Institute of Human Virology in
1996. Gallo's team at the institute maintain an ongoing program of scientific
research and clinical care and treatment for people living with HIV/AIDS,
treating more than 5,000 patients in Baltimore and 500,000 patients at
institute-supported clinics in Africa and the Caribbean. In July 2007, Gallo and his team were awarded
a $15 million grant from the Bill and Melinda Gates
Foundation for research into a preventive vaccine for HIV/AIDS.
Additionally, in 2011 Gallo and his team received $23.4 million from a
consortium of funding sources to support the next phase of research into the
Institute of Human Virology's (IHV) promising HIV/AIDS preventive vaccine
candidate. The IHV vaccine program grants included $16.8 million from the
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, $2.2 million from the U.S. Army's
Military HIV Research Program (MHRP), and other research funding from a variety
of sources including the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH).
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