\"Nobel Prize in Medicine\" Jules Hoffmann Signed Announcement For Sale
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\"Nobel Prize in Medicine\" Jules Hoffmann Signed Announcement:
$104.99
Up for sale the "Nobel Prize in Medicine" Jules Hoffmann Hand Signed Announcement Dated 1989.
ES-1384B
Jules
A. ɔfman]; born 2 August
1941) is a Luxembourg-born French biologist. During his youth, growing up
in Luxembourg, he developed a strong interest in insects under
the influence of his father, Jos Hoffmann. This eventually resulted in the
younger Hoffmann's dedication to the field of biology using insects as model
organisms. He currently holds a faculty position at
the University of Strasbourg. He is a research director and member of the
board of administrators of the National Center of Scientific Research (CNRS)
in Strasbourg, France. He was elected to the positions of
Vice-President (2005-2006) and President (2007-2008) of the French Academy of Sciences. Hoffmann and Bruce Beutler were jointly awarded a half share of the
2011 Nobel Prize in Physiology
or Medicine for "their discoveries concerning the
activation of innate immunity,". [More specifically, the work showing increased
Drosomycin expression following activation of Toll pathway in microbial
infection.] Hoffmann and Lemaitre discovered the function of the immunity. Its
mammalian homologs, the Toll-like receptors, were
discovered by Beutler. Toll-like receptors identify constituents of other
organisms like fungi and bacteria, and trigger an immune response, explaining,
for example, how septic shock can be
triggered by bacterial remains. Jules Hoffmann went to the Lycée de Garçons de
Luxembourg before leaving to France. Hoffmann received
undergraduate degrees in biology and chemistry at the University of Strasbourg,
France. In 1969, he completed his Ph.D. in biology also at the University of Strasbourg under
Pierre Joly in Laboratory of General Biology at the Institute of Zoology. His post-doctoral training was at the Institut
für Physiologische Chemie at Philipps-Universität in Marburg an der Lahn, Germany, in 1973–1974. During his Ph.D. program under Pierre
Joly, Hoffmann started his research in studying antimicrobial defenses in
grasshoppers, inspired by the previous works done in the laboratory of Pierre
Joly showing that no opportunistic infections were apparent in insects after
the transplantation of certain organs from one to another. Hoffmann confirmed discovery of phagocytosis
done by Eli Metchnikoff, through
injection of Bacillus thuringiensis and
observation of increase of phagocytes. In addition, he showed strong correlation
between hematopoiesis and antimicrobial defenses by assessing the
susceptibility of an insect to the microbial infection after X-ray treatment. Hoffmann shifts from using grasshopper model to
using dipteran species in the 80s. By using Phormia
terranovae, Hoffmann and his colleagues were able to identify
82-residues long antimicrobial polypeptide named Diptericin which was glycine-rich, along with other
polypeptides in Drosophila and Attacin. Further molecular genetic analysis revealed
that the promoters for the genes encoding these antimicrobial peptides
contained DNA sequences similar to the binding elements for NF-κB in mammalian
DNA. Dorsal gene, critical in dorso-ventral patterning in the
early embryo of Drosophila melanogaster was also identified to
be in this NF-κB family. It was initially speculated by Hoffmann and colleagues
that activity of Dorsal was directly linked to the expression of the Diptericin gene.
However, it turned out that Diptericin was normally induced even in Further conducted research
showed that Diptericin expression was dependent on the expression of imd gene.
Identification of another antifungal peptide named Drosomycin and RNA blots
demonstrated that two distinct pathways(Toll, Imd) exist, involving Drosomycin
and Diptericin respectively. Similarities of structure and function between
several members in the Drosophila embryo and members in mammals being noted,
study "The Dorsoventral Regulatory Gene Potent Antifungal Response in Drosophila Adults" by Lemaitre and
Hoffmann in 1996 illuminated the possible existing innate immunity in
Drosophila in response to fungal challenge. Later works identified that Toll
transmembrane receptors are present in a wide variety of phyla and are
conserved through evolution along with conservation of NF-κB was a research assistant at CNRS from 1964 to 1968, and became a
research associate in 1969. Since 1974 he has been a Research Director of CNRS.
Between 1978 and 2005 he was Director of the CNRS research unit "Immune
Response and Development in Insects", and from 1994 to 2005 he was
director of the Institute of
Molecular and Cellular Biology of CNRS in Strasbourg. Hoffmann
is a member of the German
Academy of Sciences Leopoldina, the French Academy of Sciences,
the Academia Biology Organization (EMBO), the United
States National Academy of Sciences, the American
Academy of Arts and Sciences, the Fondation Écologie d'Avenir and the Russian Academy of
Sciences. Hoffmann became a Commander of the Legion of Honour in 2012. In 2015, Hoffmann
signed the Mainau Declaration 2015 on Climate
Change on the final day of the 65th Lindau Nobel Laureate
Meeting. The declaration was signed by a total of 76 Nobel Laureates
and handed to then-President of the French Republic, François Hollande, as part
of the successful COP21 climate summit in
Paris.
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