Wayne asks:
"When the electron teleports across an impenetrable barrier without occupying the space in between the place it left and the place it arrives at, where does it go?"
The same place it goes when moving around an atomic nucleus. Where does it go when it first appears in one place, then appears in another, without ever traversing the space between.
Honest answer ... we do not know.
But we believe it relates to the space and time being quantized.
That is substantially different from what you are trying to claim with respect to the properties of time.
Wayne wrote:
"If nothing can exist outside our universe, then nothing could have formed the big bang."
I can't think of many physicists in the last 30 years that would agree with your premise. You set up a straw man and then knocked it over but it is pure straw and it conflicts with the majority of the thinking in physics for about 70-80 years. Let me take it apart so you can see what is wrong.
You refer to the existence of stuff and thus the nothing could have formed. But the Big Bang has nothing, nada, zilch to do with stuff. It has to do with space and time. No one in the physics community has ever written that stuff formed. They write that space and time form.
We know for a fact we can pack all of the stuff into the universe into a theoretical point (or if you prefer string). We do that in the lab all the time with Bose Einstein condensate. And it is quite likely that this is precisely the nature of a singularity inside the event horizon of a black hole (we just don't know).
If our best understanding and if our theories are correct mass is the result of a reaction with the Higgs boson and not an intrinsic property of quarks and leptons so the original universe may well have had a zero mass too.
You are making assumptions about what physics is saying that are incorrect and thus drawing incorrect conclusions. Again: The Big Bang had nothing to do with the creation of the stuff of the universe. Only the space it currently occupies and the metric we refer to as time.
