RARE “Established DNA as Genetic Material" Rollin Hotchkiss Hand Written Note For Sale
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RARE “Established DNA as Genetic Material" Rollin Hotchkiss Hand Written Note:
$499.99
Up for sale "Established DNA as Genetic Material" Rollin Hotchkiss Hand Written Note.
ES-4827
Rollin
Douglas Hotchkiss (1911
– December 12, 2004) was an American biochemist who helped to establish the
role of DNA as the genetic material and contributed to the isolation and
purification of the first antibiotics. His work on bacterial transformation helped
lay the groundwork for the field of molecular genetics. Hotchkiss
was born in South Britain, Connecticut. The son of factory workers, he attended Yale University after scoring the highest in the nation
on an achievement test.
Hotchkiss earned a B.S. in chemistry in 1932, and remained at Yale for a Ph.D.
in organic chemistry. After completing his doctoral work in 1935, Hotchkiss
became a fellow of the Rockefeller
Institute of Medical Research, where he would remain until
retirement in 1982.
At the Rockefeller Institute, Hotchkiss initially worked as an assistant
to Oswald Avery and Walter
Goebel, and was encouraged to learn more biology at a summer courses
at the Marine Biological
Laboratory. His early work isolating and synthesizing derivatives
of glucoronic acid led
to the identification of one of the specific polysaccharides in the capsule of type III pneumococci. Hotchkiss spent the 1937-1938 academic year in
the lab of Heinz Holter and Kaj Linderstrøm-Lang at Carlsberg Laboratory learning
protein analysis techniques. In 1938, he began collaborating with René Dubos to isolate and study antibiotics produced by
soil bacteria. Their work on gramicidin and tyrocidine led to the first commercial antibiotics, and
with Fritz Lipmann they
found that the antibiotics include D-amino acids. During
the late 1930s, Hotchkiss was also strongly critical of the Bergann–Niemann hypothesis of protein structure, the
proposal by fellow Rockefeller biochemists Max Bergmann and Carl Niemann that protein structures always consist of
multiples of 288 amino acids. (This would also be a feature of Dorothy Wrinch's cyclol hypothesis of protein structure). In
1946, in the wake of that DNA, not protein, had the power to
transform bacteria from one type to another, Hotchkiss rejoined Avery's lab.
His work on protein analysis helped answer Avery's critics who argued that the
experiment was not sufficiently rigorous to rule out protein contamination (and
thus the possibility that protein was the transforming factor). Hotchkiss found
that virtually all the detected nitrogen in the purified DNA used in for the
transformation experiments came from glycine, a breakdown product of the nucleotide base adenine, and estimated that undetected protein contamination
was at most .02%, although he did not publish this result until 1952 (the year
of the Hershey–Chase experiment).
In 1948 Hotchkiss used paper chromatography to
quantify the base composition of DNA and, independently of Erwin Chargaff, found that the base ratios differed from
species to species.
In 1951, Hotchkiss showed that purified bacterial DNA could be used one
strain of bacteria to another without changing the capsule type (the main
identifying feature of different types of the same bacterial species). His
subsequent worked helped establish the basics of bacterial genetics, showing
that many features of classical genetics (including genetic linkage) have parallels in bacteria, despite their
lack of chromosomes. Hotchkiss continued working
in molecular genetics until his retirement in 1982, including significant
collaborations with Julius Marmur, Maurice Fox, Alexander
Tomasz, Joan and his the mid-1960s, Hotchkiss became interested in the potential dangers
of genetic engineering (a
term he helped to popularize). Through the early 1970s he articulated many of
the concerns that led to the 1975 Asilomar
Conference on Recombinant DNA.
Hotchkiss was a member of the American
Academy of Arts and Sciences and the National Academy of
Sciences (elected in 1961), and served as president of
the Genetics Society of
America from 1971 to 1972. After leaving Rockefeller University
in 1982, he worked as a research professor at the University at Albany, SUNY until
retiring to Lenox, Massachusetts in
1986. Hotchkiss died December 12, 2004 of congestive heart failure.
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