1922 NIKOLA TESLA WIRELESS POWER, TESLA WORLD POWER PLANT, OSCILLATION, COIL for Sale

1922 NIKOLA TESLA WIRELESS POWER, TESLA WORLD POWER PLANT, OSCILLATION, COIL For Sale

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1922 NIKOLA TESLA WIRELESS POWER, TESLA WORLD POWER PLANT, OSCILLATION, COIL:
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1922 NIKOLA Tesla Referral WIRELESS POWER, Tesla Referral WORLD POWER PLANT, OSCILLATION, COIL 1922 NIKOLA Tesla Referral WIRELESS POWER, Tesla Referral WORLD POWER PLANT, OSCILLATION, COIL

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Description WIRELESS TELEGRAPHY
AND TELEPHONY
A PRACTICAL TREATISE
ON
Wireless Telegraphy And Telephony, Giving Complete
And Detailed Explanations Of The Theory And
Practice Of Modern Radio Apparatus And
Its Present Day Applications, Together
With A Chapter On The Possibilities
Of Its Future Development.BY
ALFRED P. MORGANAuthor of
\"WIRELESS TELEGRAPH CONSTRUCTION FOR AMATEURS,\" ETC.NEW YORK
THE NORMAN W. HENLEY PUBLISHING COMPANY
2 WEST 45th STREETCopyright 1920, 1915 And 1912 By
THE NORMAN W. HENLEY. PUBLISHING COMPANY1922154 PAGES, HARDCOVER WITH MANY ILLUSTRATIONS.
THE BOOK IS COMPLETE CLEAN ANDVERY GOOD CONDITION.... PLEASE SEE PICTURES .... PLEASE VIEW MY OTHER no marvel of modern science so grips the imagination as the mystery of those quivering impulses which go forth invisibly to link a ship sailing over the seas with the shores of the distant land.
The author has endeavored to furnish a comprehensive explanation, in simple language, of the theory and practice of this wonderful art, and to explain, as far as possible, the importance of the position occupied by wireless telegraphy to-day and the possibilities of to-morrow.
The title of this book naturally limits the amount of discussion that can be undertaken, and so, in the space at command, there has not been any real attempt made to enter into any engineering or constructive details further than is necessary to make the text clear.
Much that might properly be made a part of the preface has been embodied in the book, in order to avoid repetition, and to also bring certain matter tc the attention of those readers who consider a preface to be merely an opportunity for the author of a book to express opinions very often quite foreign to the title, and so unconcernedly skip it with hardly more than a passing glance.
The author wishes to extend his sincere thanks to Mr. H. W. Young, Editor of Popular Electricity; to Mr. John Firth, to Colonel George P. Scriven, and to the Scientific American, for their kindness in supplying photographs for some of the illustration
Although \"wireless\", Tesla Referral\'s proposed \"wireless power\" scheme did not involve radio waves, but instead sought to use the Earth as a giant condenser to transmit alternating current worldwide. The experimental \"Tesla Referral world power plant\" pictured in Figure 155 was located at Shoreham, New York, and ultimately proved unsuccessful.Wireless Telegraphy and Telephony Simply Explained, A. P. Morgan, 1920, pages 143-148:Power plant Within the memory of older men and women are primers of science, which speculate about the developments of electrical force, and guardedly discuss its possibilities.
And now, electricity--this mysterious agent--has multiplied the muscular strength of man a billion times. The tasks of Hercules are now but chores to be accomplished by the closing of a switch. Mighty rivers roar through intake and turbine to drive the wheels of industry in a distant city and turn the night into day. Any attempt to chronicle all the applications of this wondrous power would be absurd. Such is electricity to-day.
Only a few years ago Langley launched his famous aerodrome over the waters of the Potomac, while the world stood by and sneered, ridiculed a man whose work is now one of the classics of aeronautical literature, and scoffed at a machine whose principles embodied the conclusions of years of careful thought and scientific effort.
A decade later and aeroplanes have become a living reality. A man and a little frame of sticks and canvas can throw off the fetters of gravity and go soaring dizzily two miles up into the blue sky, and daring more, come skimming and diving back to earth with motor dead. Such wonders only came to pass, however, when numbers of men accepted the problem as one to be solved by trying, and bent their energies toward its solution. Science has not reached the limits of its resources. It never will. The art of wireless may always be embarrassed by novelty in many directions.
One of the greatest steps forward toward the day when methods and appliances regarded as permanent as the mountains will pass and be considered only as the curious remnants of a cruder age is the interest of 200,000 wireless amateurs in the United States. Some of these will develop into men who will bring some of the wonders of the future to their full fruition.
What is this great change that can be coolly and precisely forecast? Along what lines will these wonderful developments come? The answer is \"wireless\"--not the wireless of a Marconi or a De Forest, but the wireless of a Tesla Referral--of \"high potential magnifying transmitters\"--of \"nodes\" and \"loops\"--of oscillatory currents that leave their conductors behind--the \"wireless\" of the day when a system is introduced enabling any person to reach any other on the globe, not simply through a spoken word or thought conveyed, but visually a perfect transmission of images which will enable one person to see another, as though that other were by his side--\"wireless\" of a time when the great operations of commerce and industry will be vitalized by huge wireless power stations, turning the machinery of factories, lighting cities, or sending swift aeroplanes and ships darting to the farthest points of the earth. Transformer sparks
Of course, there may be something of the dramatic in such assertions, but they are founded upon scientific facts, and, if imaginary, are scientifically imaginary. The wonderful mysteries of oscillatory currents, whose natural medium is the ether, currents which object to being confined to wires and cables, and defy all ordinary laws; currents that will melt masses of metal with the violence of an explosion, but yet pass through the human body without producing any sensation; currents that will instantly manifest themselves 2,000 miles away from their source, with no visible means of propagation, are the open sesame to the treasures of a wonderful future.
There are many places in the world where water power is available capable of generating almost unlimited electrical energy. The present difficulty lying in the way of its utilization is the limitation of electrical transmission by wire, for not only is the cost of long lines of copper tremendous, but power can only be carried in this manner for limited distances. Central distributing wireless power stations could send the power of Niagara, which alone might be made to supply a fifth of all the power in the United States, and the energy of Victoria to the ends of the earth with little loss. The Great Falls of Zambesi, in the heart of Africa, could be made to run the subway trains, the factories, lights, railroads, ferries, trucks, heaters, etc., in that vast, most complex, most bewildering and inspiring city of the Western World, the City of New York. Ocean vessels would no longer carry thousands of tons of coal, locomotives would not wheeze and cough a trail of soot and smoke through the country, chimneys would cease to belch, and aeroplanes would travel silently and swiftly overhead.
It is easy, in the face of certain facts, to conjure up situations which would be pleasant and make for the betterment of the world. Any one whose imagination is vivid enough can make a prediction, but when the great truth is accidentally revealed, or experimentally confirmed, as the case may be, and rendered absolutely sure of accomplishment will its incalculable consequences continue to baffle the imagination and carry us further into the land of wonderment? Only the future knows.TABLE OF CONTENTS.....CHAPTER IIntroductory: The Principles of Wireless Transmission and
Reception: Ether; Electromagnetic Waves; How Waves
Are Created; High-frequency Oscillations; Transmitting
and Receiving Apparatus. 1-11CHAPTER IIThe Means for Radiating and Intercepting Electric Waves;
The Effect of Intervening Country Upon Electric Waves;
Effects of Locality; \"Static\"; Lightning and What It Is;
Aerial Masts; Types of Aerials; Directive Action of
Aerials; Insulation of the Aerial; Earth Connections.12-26CHAPTER IIIThe Transmitting Apparatus; Current Supply; Magnetic In-
duction; Magnetic Fields; The Induction Coil: The In-
terrupter; Electrolytic Interrupters; Open Core Trans-
formers; Closed Core Transformers; Direct Current; Al-
ternating Current; Oscillation Condensers; The Helix;
Spark Gaps; Rotary Gaps; Quenched Gaps; Aerial
Switches; Anchor Gaps; Keys. 27-47CHAPTER IVThe Receiving Apparatus; The Detector; Telephone Receiv-
ers; How Electric Waves Affect the Receiving Apparatus;
Perikon Detector; Silicon Detector; Pyron Detector;
Carborundum Detector; Galena Detector; Molybdenite
Detector; The Potentiometer; The Tuning Coil; What
Tuning Accomplishes; How Undesirable Messages Are Ex-
cluded: The Loading Coil; The Fixed Condenser; Varia-
ble Condensers; The Purpose of the Condenser . . 48-69CHAPTER VTuning and Coupling; How Tuning Is Accomplished; The
Results of Tuning; The Effects of Coupling; Inductive
Helixes; The Loose Coupler; The Hot Wire Ammeter;
Directive Wireless Telegraphy; The Braun System; Bel-
lini and Tosi Method. 70-82CHAPTER VIThe Dignity of Wireless Telegraphy; Its Applications and
Service; Wireless Telegraphy in Warfare; Wireless in the
Army; Wireless in the Navy; The Wireless Telegraph
Automobile; Wireless on an Airship; Wireless Telegraphy
as an Aid to Press Work; The Wireless Codes; How a
Message Is Transmitted and Received; The Breaking-
in System. 83-104CHAPTER VIIThe Ear; How We Hear; Sound; Sound Waves; The Nature
of Sound; Speech; The Larynx and Vocal Chords; The
Structure of Speech; Manometric Flames . . 105-113CHAPTER VIIIThe Telephone; The Telephone Transmitter; The Telephone
Receiver; The Photophone; Selenium Cells; The Thermo-
phone; The Electric Arc; The Speaking Arc; Wireless
Telephony by Means of a Beam of Light . . . 114-123CHAPTER IXThe Wireless Telephone; The Difficulties of Wireless Teleph-
ony; A Simple Wireless Telephone; The Effects of
Speech Upon Wireless Telephone Apparatus: The Re-
quirements of Wireless Telephone Apparatus; The Pro-
duction of Undamped Electrical Oscillations; The Poul-
sen Arc; Wireless Telephone Apparatus; The Majorana
Transmitter; The Receiving Apparatus; The Audion;
Transmission of Wireless Telephone Messages. . 124-136CHAPTER XRemarks; Maxwell\'s Theory; Hertz\'s Discoveryf Electromag-
netic Waves; The Position of Wireless Telegraphy in the
World To-day; The Field for Wireless Telephony; The
Status of the \"Amateur\"; Wireless of the Future; The
Transmission of Power by Wireless .... 137-148
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONSFig. I.—Throw a stone into a pool of water and little waves
will radiate from the spot where the stone struck . . I Fig. 2.—A Leyden jar is a glass jar lined inside and outside
with tinfoil for about two-thirds of its height ... 3
Fig. 3.—A static machine connected to a Leyden jar . 4
Fig. 4.—A Leyden jar discharging through a coil of wire . 5 Fig. 5.—Curved line representing an oscillatory discharge
of a Leyden jar 5
Fig. 6.—Navy type of Leyden jars 6
Fig. 7.—The simplest practical transmitter .... 7
Fig. 8.—A cross-section of the aerial and atmosphere . .;
Fig. 9.—Under the same conditions, but viewed from above . 9
Fig. 10.—A simple receiving arrangement .... 10
Fig. 11.—An amateur aerial and station 13
Fig. 12.—The Army wireless station at Fort Gibbons . . 14
Fig. 13.—Lightning discharge near Montclair, N. J. . IS Fig. 14.—Photo of double lightning discharge passing to earth
near the First Orange Mountain, Montclair, N. J. . . 17 Fig. 15.—Vertical aerials of the grid, fan and inverted pyramid types 18
Fig. 16.—A diagram showing pyramid aerial .... ig Fig. 17.—A diagram illustrating the directive action of a flattop aerial 20
Fig. 18.—Aerials of the \"V\" and inverted \"L\" types . . 20
Fig. 19.—A diagram showing the arrangement of a \"T\" aerial 21
Fig. 20.—Flat top aerials of the inverted \"U\" and \"T\" types 21
Fig. 21.—Umbrella aerial 22
Fig. 22.—An amateur aerial (flat top) 23
Fig. 23.—Diagram showing the difference between loop and
straightaway aerials 24
Fig. 24.—Showing how wires are arranged and insulated . 25
Fig. 25.—Aerial insulator 25 PAGE
Fig. 26.—Leading-in insulator 25
Fig. 27.—A side view of the aerial shown in Fig. 22 26
Fig. 28.—Diagram showing how batteries may be arranged . 27
Fig. 29.—The power plant of a Marconi transatlantic station 28 Fig. 30.—If a magnet be suddenly plunged into a hollow coil
of wire a momentary current will be induced in the coil 29 Fig. 31.—Magnetic phantom formed by a bar magnet . . 30 Fig. 32.—Magnetic phantom formed by a wire carrying current 31
Fig. 33.—Magnetic phantom formed by a coil of wire carrying current 31
Fig. 34.—Diagram of . induction coil 32
Fig. 35-—Induction coil for wireless telegraph purposes . 32
Fig. 36.—Induction coil primary and secondary ... 33
Fig. 37-—Interrupter for induction coil 34
Fig. 38.—Electrolytic interrupter 34
Fig. 39-—Open and closed core transformers .... 35 Fig. 40.—Lines representing direct and intermittent direct currents ... 36
Fig. 41.—Diagram representing alternating current . . 36
Fig. 42.—High potential humming transformer ... 37 Fig. 43.—High potential closed core transformer for wireless
work 37
Fig. 44.—Leyden jar set for oil immersion 38
Fig. 45.—Oil immersed condenser 39
Fig. 46.—Diagram showing construction of condenser . . 40
Fig. 47.—Tubular condenser 40
Fig. 48.—Helix 41
Fig. 49.—Close coupled helix 41
Fig. 50.—Spark gap 42
Fig. 51.—Circuit showing tuned transmitting system employing close coupled helix 42
Fig. 52.—Photo of spark gap 43
Fig. S3-—Quenched spark gap 43
Fig. 54.—Diagram of aerial switch 44
Fig. 55-—Photo of aerial switch 44
Fig. 56.—Anchor gap ......... 45
Fig. 57.—Wireless key 45
Fig. 58.—Photo of wireless key 46
Fig. 59.—Key and aerial switch 40 PAGE
Fig. 60.—Portable receiving set and case .... 49
Fig. 61.—Complete receiving outfit 4g
Fig. 62.—Portable pack set 50
Fig. 63.—Complete receiving set S1
Fig. 64.—Showing the construction of a watch case telephone
receiver 52
Fig. 65.—Pickard adjustable telephone receivers ... 53
Fig. 66.—Illustrating the valve action of a rectifying detector 54
Fig. 67.—A new type of silicon detector 54
Fig. 68.—Diagram drawing analogy between rectifying action
of a detector and pump 55
Fig. 69.—Pyron detector 56
Fig. 70.—Perikon detector 57
Fig. 71.—Silicon detector 58
Fig. 72.—Electrolytic detector 58
Fig. 73-—Electrolytic detector in circuit 59
Fig. 74.—Potentiometer 59
Fig. 75.—Diagram showing how potentiometer is connected in
a circuit 60
Fig. 76.—Analogy between swinging and tuning ... 61 Fig. 77.—Receiving a message in a Marconi transatlantic
station 62\'
Fig. 78.—Tuning coil of the double slide type ... 63
Fig. 79.—Diagram showing fixed condenser in circuit . . 63
Fig. 80.—Fixed condenser 64
Fig. 81.—Rotary variable condenser 65
Fig. 82.—Interior of rotary variable condenser, showing construction 66
Fig. 83.—Dr. Seibt\'s rotary variable condenser . . . 67
Fig. 84.—Sliding plate variable condenser .... 68 Fig. 85.—Diagram showing arrangement of rotary variable
condenser in receiving circuit 68
Fig. 86.—Chain and ball arranged to illustrate the effect of
tuning 71
Fig. 87.—Loose coupled helix 72
Fig. 88.—Hot-wire ammeter ....... 73
Fig. 89.—The principle of the hot-wire ammeter ... 73
Fig. 90.—Diagram showing loose coupled helix in circuit . 74
Fig. 91.—Loose coupled tuning coil 75
Fig. 92.—Loose coupled tuner 75
Fig. 93.—Diagram showing position of loose coupler in circuit 76
Fig. 94.—Fort Gibbons, Alaska, wireless station ... 77
Fig. 95-—Transmitting condenser 77
Fig. 96.—Braun\'s method for directing wireless telegraph
signals 78
Fig. \"97.—Bellini-Tosi radio-goniometer 79
Fig. 98.—Arrangement of Bellini and Tosi for directive wireless telegraphy 80
Fig. 99.—Complete receiving and transmitting outfit . . 81 Fig. 100.—Special lightweight wireless telegraph set for airship service 83
Fig. 101.—Telefunken wireless cart, showing transmitter . 84
Fig. 102.—Telefunken wireless cart for military service . 85 Fig. 103.—Telefunken wireless wagon set in operation at Fort
Leavenworth 86
Fig. 104.—Wireless room aboard the U. S. transport \"Bu
ford\" 88
Fig. 105. The apparatus set up for operation . . 89
Fig. 106.—Wireless equipped automobile 90
Fig. 107.—Co. D Signal Corps at San Antonio ... 91
Fig. 108.—U. S. Signal Corps pack set shown open and closed 92
Fig. 109.—The receiving apparatus of the airship \"America\" 93
Fig. 11o.—Interior of the N. Y. Herald Press station . . 94 Fig. i11.—Operating the U. S. Signal Corps airship wireless
apparatus 95
Fig. 112.—The N. Y. Herald station, showing aerial . . 96 Fig. 113.—Operator Jack Irwin overhauling the wireless apparatus for the dirigible balloon \"America\" ... 97
Fig. 114.—Morse code 98
Fig. 115.—Continental code 99
Fig. 116.—Transmitting equipment of the high-power station
at Nauen 100
Fig. 117.—Duplex receiving apparatus 101
Fig. 118.—Breaking-in system 102
Fig. 119.—The receiving apparatus of the station at Nauen 104
Fig. 120.—Diagram of the ear 105
Fig. 121.—The ossicles 106
Fig. 122.—Bon jour . 107
Fig. 123.—Experiment showing sounding bodies are in vibration 108 PAGE
Fig. 124.—Method of registering vibrations of a tuning fork 109 Fig. 125.—Way line made by a bristle attached to a tuning
fork prong in vibration when passed over smoked glass 109
Fig. 126.—Illustrating the action of air waves . . . . 110
Fig. 127.—The vocal chords in position for making a sound 110
Fig. 128.—The vocal chords when relaxed . . . . m
Fig. 129.—Koenig\'s manometric flame apparatus . . . ill Fig. 130.—Appearance of manometric flame in revolving
mirror 112
Fig. 131.—Diagram of a telephone transmitter . . . 115 Fig. 132.—Diagram showing the principle and construction of
the telephone receiver 115
Fig. 133.—The photophone 116
Fig. 134.—Photophone receiving apparatus . . . . 117
Fig- r35-—Photophone transmitting apparatus . . . 118 Fig. 136.—Powerful searchlight arranged to transmit speech
over a beam of light 120
Fig. 137.—The electric arc 121
Fig. 138.—Circuit showing how a singing arc is arranged . 122 Fig. 139.—A logical form of wireless telephone which is impractical 125
Fig. 140.—DeForest wireless telephone equipment . . . 126 Fig. 141.—Wireless telephone receiving apparatus (induction
method) 127
Fig. 142.—Fessenden wireless telephone transmitting phonograph music 128
Fig. 143.—Diagram illustrating why damped oscillations will
not carry the voice 129
Fig. 144.—How the sound waves of the voice are impressed
upon undamped oscillations 130
Fig. 145.—Arrangement of the speaking arc .... 131 Fig. 146.—Diagram showing how a wireless telephone transmitting system is arranged 131
Fig. 147.—Poulsen wireless telephone equipment . . . 132 Fig. 148.—The Majorana wireless telephone transmitter . 133 Fig. 149.—Showing the brush discharge from a Marconi transatlantic aerial at night 135
Fig. 150.—An amateur wireless telegraph station . . . 138 Fig. 151.—The high-power naval wireless telegraph station under construction at Washington, D. C 139 PAGE
Fig. 152.—The curved lines represent the radius of the government high-power wireless stations and show the zones
over which direct communication may be had with ships . 141
Fig- !S3-—The aerial system of a transatlantic station . . 142
Fig. 154.—Fong Yee, a Chinese amateur wireless operator . 144
Fig. - 155-—Tesla Referral world power plant 145
Fig. 156.—Twenty-five-foot sparks from a Tesla Referral transformer 147 Wireless TelegraphyCHAPTER I.
Introductory: Wireless Transmission And Reception, The Ether. Electrical Oscillations. ElectroMagnetic Waves.
Wireless telegraphy, that marvelous art which has made possible the instantaneous transmission of intelligence between widely distant parts having no apparent physical connection save that of the earth, air, and water, is one of those wonders of science which appeal to the average mind as either incomprehensible or only explainable through the use of highly technical language. Contrary to this general opinion, however, the whole theory and practice of the wireless transmission of messages is capable of the simplest explanation.
[graphic]
Fig. I.—Throw a stone into a pool of water and little waves will radiate from the spot where the stone struck.
Throw a stone into a pool of water. A disturbance is immediately created, and little waves will radiate from the spot where the stone struck the water, gradually spreading out into enlarging circles until they reach the shores or die away. By throwing several stones in succession with varying intervals between them it would be possible to so arrange a set of signals that they would convey a meaning to one who is initiated, standing on the opposite side of the pool. The little waves are the vehicle which transmits the intelligence, and the water the medium in which the waves travel.
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