1758 newspaper Early essay HALLEY\'S COMET RETURN Predict Astronomy ISAAC NEWTON for Sale

1758 newspaper Early essay HALLEY\'S COMET RETURN Predict Astronomy ISAAC NEWTON For Sale

$1758 newspaper Early essay HALLEY\'S COMET RETURN Predict Astronomy ISAAC NEWTON$
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1758 newspaper Early essay HALLEY\'S COMET RETURN Predict Astronomy ISAAC NEWTON:
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1758 newspaper Early essay HALLEY\'S COMET RETURN Predict Astronomy ISAAC NEWTON

1758 newspaper with a long detailed early essay HALLEY\'S COMET RETURN Predicted Astronomy ISAAC NEWTON- inv # 5C-417

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SEE PHOTO(s) - COMPLETE ORIGINALNEWSPAPER,Lloyd\'s Evening Post and British Chronicle(London, ENGLAND)datedAug 2, 1758.This original newspaper contains an inside page, 3 column essay predicting the return of HALLEY\'S COMET in 1758 and Sir Isaac Newton\'s role in Halley\'s prediction. Halley\'s Comet is the most famous short-period periodical comet in known human history.

In 1758, Halley\'s cometappeared on Christmas night, as predicted by British astronomer Edmond Halley.The comet\'s return was a triumph of scientific reasoning and Newtonian physics.

Halley\'s Cometis ashort-periodcometthat is consistently visible to thenaked eyefromEarth,appearing every 72–80 years,though with the majority of recorded apparations (25 of 30) occurring after 75–77 years. It last appeared in the inner parts of theSolar Systemin 1986 and will next appear in mid-2061. Officially designated1P/Halley, it is also commonly calledComet Halley, or sometimes simplyHalley.

Halley was the first comet to be recognised as periodic. Until theRenaissance, the philosophical consensus on the nature of comets, promoted byAristotle, was that they were disturbances in Earth\'s atmosphere. This idea was disproven in 1577 byTycho Brahe, who usedparallaxmeasurements to show that comets must lie beyond theMoon. Many were still unconvinced that comets orbited the Sun, and assumed instead that they must follow straight paths through the Solar System.In 1687,Sir Isaac Newtonpublished hisPhilosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica, in which he outlined his laws ofgravityand motion. His work on comets was decidedly incomplete. Although he had suspected that two comets that had appeared in succession in 1680 and 1681 were the same comet before and after passing behind the Sun (he was later found to be correct; seeNewton\'s Comet),he was initially unable to completely reconcile comets into his model.

\"I must entreat you to procure for me of MrFlamsteedwhat he has observed of the Comett of 1682 particularly in the month of September, for I am more and more confirmed that we have seen that Comett now three times, sincey?Yeare 1531, he will not deny it you, though I know he will me.\" —Excerpt ofHalley\'s letter toNewtonabout comet\'s orbits (28 September 1695)

Ultimately, it was Newton\'s friend, editor and publisher,Edmond Halley, who, in his 1705Synopsis of the Astronomy of Comets, used Newton\'s new laws to calculate the gravitational effects of Jupiter and Saturn on cometary orbits.Having compiled a list of 24 comet observations, he calculated that theorbital elementsof a second comet that had appeared in 1682 were nearly the same as those of two comets that had appeared in 1531 (observed byPetrus Apianus) and 1607 (observed byJohannes Kepler).Halley thus concluded that all three comets were the same object returning about every 76 years, a period that has since been found to vary between 72 and 80 years.After a rough estimate of theperturbationsthe comet would sustain from the gravitational attraction of the planets, he predicted its return for 1758.He had personally observed the comet aroundperihelionin September 1682,but died in 1742 before he could observe its predicted return.

Jamaican polymathFrancis Williams(portrait attributed toWilliam Williams,c.?1760). The only contemporary illustration of an astronomer detecting the comet\'s return.

Halley\'s prediction of the comet\'s return proved to be correct, although it was not seen until 25 December 1758, byJohann Georg Palitzsch, a German farmer and amateur astronomer. Other observers from throughout Europe and its colonies sent confirmations to Paris after the comet brightened early the following year. In the Americas,John Winthroplectured atHarvard Universityto explain the implications of the comet\'s reappearance for Newtonian mechanics andnatural theology.

How Halley predicted the comet\'s return

Halley used Isaac Newton\'s theories of gravitation and planetary motions to calculate the comet\'s orbit.
He predicted the comet would return in 1758, but it was delayed by a few months due to gravitational pull from Jupiter and Saturn.
Halley died in 1742, so he didn\'t live to see the comet\'s return.

How the comet was observed

German farmer and amateur astronomer Johann Georg Palitzsch observed the comet on Christmas night, 1758.
The comet\'s appearance was celebrated as a vindication of Newton\'s gravitational theory.

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