 Mind/Brain
8 February 2012
Stimulants' ADHD calming mechanism revealed
The counterintuitive calming effect of amphetamines was first observed in a group of hyperactive children more than 70 years ago, but the actual physiological mechanism at work has remained a mystery until now...
26 January 2012
Magic mushrooms get MRI treatment
Brain scans have revealed that psilocybin, the active ingredient in magic mushrooms, makes users' memories more vivid by suppressing activity in certain areas of the brain...
11 January 2012
Disrupted biological clock damages brain
For the first time, scientists at Oregon State University have shown that disrupting the biological clocks found in many animals can cause accelerated neurodegeneration, loss of motor function and premature death...
10 January
Nicotine patches reduce senior moments
Older people may benefit from the regular use of nicotine patches, according to a study that showed improvements in memory and brain function in a group of senior non-smokers who were suffering mild cognitive impairment...
13 December 2011
Automated Matrix style learning demonstrated
A US-Japanese team of researchers have demonstrated a system that uses fMRI imaging feedback to attune a person's visual cortex to match the brain patterns needed to perform various high-performance tasks with little or no conscious effort...
28 November 2011
Dreams shown to provide daily stress-busting therapy
Dreams provide us with a form of overnight therapy, say researchers who have discovered that during dreams our stress chemistry shuts down while the brain processes emotional experiences and takes the painful edge off difficult memories...
21 November 2011
Forgetful? Blame your house
Everyone has experienced the frustration of entering a room and forgetting what we were planning to do in there. The reason, say psychologists, is that entering or exiting household doorways serves to create "event boundaries" in the mind...
7 November 2011
T. gondii brain parasite found to alter dopamine production
The brain parasite Toxoplasma gondii, infecting an estimated 15 percent of the population, has been found to dramatically increase the production of dopamine, one of the brain's key chemical messengers...
21 October 2011
Autism's facial characteristics revealed
Researchers from the University of Missouri have identified the differences between the facial characteristics of children with autism and those of typically developing children...
3 October 2011
Scale of epigenetic changes observed in stimulated brain is "mind boggling"
In a discovery with major implications for treating psychiatric diseases and neurodegenerative disorders, neurologists have established that non-dividing brain cells, thought to be inherently stable, can instead undergo large-scale dynamic changes as a result of brain stimulation...
15 September 2011
Self-delusion a winning strategy in life
A mathematical model that simulates the effects of overconfidence shows that harboring a mistakenly inflated belief that we can easily meet challenges or win conflicts is beneficial in business, sport and war...
7 September 2011
Fattening-up with Facebook
Social and physical environments can have a profound effect on metabolic processes, say the scientists behind rodent experiments that showed how an engaging social environment can burn more fat than a treadmill...
2 September 2011
Gettin' drunk and fallin' down; who cares?
In a fascinating new study, researchers have shown that contrary to previous research, alcohol doesn't reduce your awareness of mistakes - it reduces how much you care about making those mistakes...
12 July 2011
Drugs of addiction hijack our love of salt
Scientists have found that addictive drugs appear to hijack the same nerve cells and connections in the brain that serve a powerful, ancient instinct: our appetite for salt...
6 July 2011
Forget about it
The notion that we can intentionally forget unwanted memories has been controversial ever since Freud proposed it at the beginning of the 20th century. Now, a neuroimaging study shows that Freud was correct and we can control what we forget...
4 July 2011
Nicotine receptors found to play key role in social behaviors
French researchers say the nicotinic receptors in the prefrontal cortex are essential for social interaction in mice and that this area of the brain is necessary for adapted and balanced social interactions to occur...
21 June 2011
IT-rich region revealed to be autism hotspot
Cambridge University researchers have found that autism diagnoses are more common in IT-rich regions, a finding that has important implications for service provision in those regions and also for the "hyper-systemizing" theory of autism...
16 May 2011
Alzheimer's risk gene begins disrupting brain 50 years before disease hits
Degeneration of myelin in the brain's white-matter fiber pathways is increasingly considered to be a key component of Alzheimer's disease and researchers now say that it begins when we are young and nearly 90 percent of Caucasians are vulnerable...
14 March 2011
Researchers speculate that hormonal imbalances might create geniuses
The discussion about whether genius is a byproduct of good genes or good environment may take an entirely new direction, say Canadian researchers who contend that hormonal influences in the womb may play an important role in creating intellectually gifted individuals...
17 February 2011
Text messaging modifying our emotional responses
Experiments by German psychologists indicate that text messaging is subtly changing the way our brains respond to certain number combinations...
3 February 2011
Brain's neurons found to communicate via electric fields
Neurons in the brain had been thought to communicate exclusively via the physical connections that are known as synapses, but Caltech researchers say they have uncovered strong evidence that neurons also communicate with each other via weak electric fields, a finding that could help us understand how biophysics gives rise to cognition - the holy grail of neuroscience...
26 January 2011
Couples' language use predicts relationship success
People tend to be attracted to those who resemble themselves in terms of personality, values, and physical appearance. Now, researchers say that the ways that people talk are also important, and that people who speak in similar styles are more compatible...
25 January 2011
Fear of spiders, snakes is learnt... very quickly
A new meta-study appearing in Current Directions in Psychological Science reviews a number of studies with infants and finds that we aren't born afraid of spiders and snakes, but we can learn these fears very quickly...
20 December 2010
Study identifies key aspects of music that evoke emotions in brain
Using fMRI neuroimaging, scientists have identified key aspects of musical performance that cause emotion-related brain activity, and they have shown for the first time how these small nuances work in the brain, in real-time...
9 July 2010
Alzheimer's breakthrough: A chemical to make brain cells grow
"It was blind luck," say the researchers who discovered a chemical that makes new neurons grow in the part of the brain that is integral to learning and memory...
4 June 2010
Markedly higher risk of suicide in men with low IQ scores
Even after adjusting for factors such as age and socioeconomic status, researchers found that men with lower IQ scores were significantly more likely to have attempted suicide at least once – usually by taking an overdose of medication...
28 May 2010
Bone marrow transplant cures mental illness
For the first time, a team of geneticists has shown that there is a direct cause-and-effect link between a psychiatric disorder and the immune system, a discovery that could herald new treatments for mental illness...
30 April 2010
Oxytocin found to impact learning processes
Released on a massive scale during orgasm, the neuropeptide oxytocin is also known to trigger childbirth and strengthen the emotional bond between a mother and new-born child. Now, researchers have found that it can also have a dramatic effect on men's emotional empathy and learning processes...
20 April 2010
Eating disorders lurking in most women
When women with eating disorders viewed an image of an overweight person, MRI scans revealed their brains "lighting up" in ways that suggested extreme unhappiness and self-loathing. But the researchers were astonished to observe the same responses from women with no history of eating disorders and no apparent body image issues...
9 April 2010
Autism may be reversible thanks to newly identified DNA "tag"
Scientists have discovered that drugs which affect the methylation state (so-called "DNA tagging") of genes could reverse autism's effects...
30 March 2010
Magnetic field alters moral judgments
US neuroscientists have shown they can influence people's moral judgments by temporarily disrupting the right temporo-parietal junction of the brain, a finding that helps reveal how the brain constructs morality...
25 November 2009
Consciousness: Big brain not necessary
A bigger brain doesn't mean more intelligence, say biologists in the UK who suggest that insects could be as intelligent as much bigger animals and that only a few thousand neurons may be necessary to generate consciousness...
14 October 2009
Uncanny valley response observed in monkeys
The uncanny valley, a phrase that describes the disquieting feeling that occurs when viewers look at (almost) realistic human-like animated characters or androids, has now been observed in monkeys...
16 September 2009
Surreal experiences boost brain power
Psychologists have found that exposure to surrealism, by say, reading a book by Franz Kafka or watching a film by director David Lynch, enhances the cognitive mechanisms that oversee some of the learning functions in the brain...
10 September 2009
Mind-reading through the eyes
Scientists say they may be able to glean information about stored memories and past events by tracking a subject's eye movements, even when the subject is unable - or unwilling - to describe what they remember...
3 September 2009
Those blinded by brain injury may still "see"
Researchers say they have compelling evidence for the existence of ancient visual pathways in the brain that bypass the main visual areas that allow us to "see" and instead directly influence the movements of our limbs to enable obstacle avoidance...
23 June 2009
Brain treats tools as body parts
When we use a tool - even for just a few minutes - it changes the way our brain represents the size of our body, with the tool becoming an integrated component of our body schema...
14 April 2009
Tweet this: Rapid-fire media confuses our moral compass
A new study raises important questions about the emotional cost - particularly for the developing brain - of our increasingly heavy reliance on a rapid stream of news snippets obtained through television, online feeds and social networks such as Twitter...
7 April 2009
The neurobiology of wisdom
A new meta-study just completed by University of California neurologists sought to determine if specific brain circuits and pathways might be responsible for wisdom - once the sole province of religion and philosophy. The researchers argue that there may indeed be a basis in neurobiology for wisdom's most universal traits...
19 March 2009
New clues in understanding face perception
Humans excel at recognizing faces but neuroscience doesn't know how we accomplish it. Now, in an effort to explain our success in this area, researchers are taking a closer look at how and why we fail at face recognition. Specifically, our impaired ability to recognize faces in photographic negatives...
17 March 2009
Guitarists' brains synchronized
When guitarists play along together it isn't just their instruments that are in time - their brain waves are too, say researchers who have been analyzing EEG readouts from pairs of guitarists...
4 March 2009
Musicians’ brains optimized to identify emotion
In research that may lead to new therapies for children with autism and Asperger’s syndrome, researchers have found the first biological evidence that musical training enhances an individual’s ability to recognize emotion in speech...
26 February 2009
Simplicity of brain's odor encoding revealed
A new theory of how animals smell may be in the offing as scientists reveal that the brain encodes the complex patterns of odors using surprisingly little neural machinery...
15 January 2009
Asymmetrical brain gives up its secrets
Two newly identified proteins are responsible for the tug-of-war between the two sides of the developing human brain that causes it to become asymmetrical, a property that is critical in allowing the two brain hemispheres to specialize and operate more efficiently...
8 December 2008
The happiness equation
A fascinating new study has established that happiness is not just an individual experience or choice, but is dependent on the happiness of others in an individual's social network. Researchers report that close physical proximity is essential for happiness to spread; such that a person is 42 percent more likely to be happy if a friend who lives less than half a mile away becomes happy but only 22 percent more likely to be happy if the friend is two miles away...
4 December 2008
Striking differences between brains of rich and poor
Measuring the brain activity of kids from a variety of backgrounds using an electroencephalograph revealed that the prefrontal cortex activity in the children from poor families resembled that of a stroke victim...
2 December 2008
Psychiatric disorders common among young adults
In a study of 18-24 year-olds conducted over a 12 month period, an astonishing 47 percent of the individuals assessed met the criteria for substance abuse, personality disorders or another mental health condition, yet only one-quarter of those affected sought treatment...
27 November 2008
Researchers mull possible autism triggers
Cornell University researchers have found evidence for rainfall-related environmental triggers for autism among genetically vulnerable children...
23 October 2008
Selective memory erasure achieved
Working with rodents, scientists have been able to selectively and safely remove both new and old memories by using a protein critical to brain cell communication. "While memories are obviously crucial for survival and adaptation, selectively removing incapacitating memories, such as traumatic war memories or an unwanted fear, could help many people live better lives," says researcher Dr. Joe Z. Tsien...
1 October 2008
Researchers probe brain's communication infrastructure
The brain uses 20 percent of the body's energy, but our waking, goal-oriented behaviors account for only 2 percent. Now, researchers are beginning to understand how the rest of that energy is expended to keep predictive neuronal structures communicating in a constant state of readiness...
15 September 2008
Invariance and computer vision
In work that could vastly improve computer vision systems, MIT neuroscientists have tricked the brain into confusing one visual object with another. The new study shows that even in adulthood, our object recognition system is constantly being retrained by natural experience...
5 August 2008
The High Cost Of Intelligence
The metabolic changes responsible for the evolution of human cognitive abilities indicate that the brain may have been pushed to the limit of its capabilities and that schizophrenia may be one of the costly by-products of this evolutionary leap...
26 June 2008
Brain Wired For Adventure
Scientists have identified a key region of the brain which encourages us to be adventurous. Located in a primitive area of the brain, it is activated when we choose unfamiliar options, suggesting an evolutionary advantage for trying the unknown...
23 June 2008
Grief Linked To Brain Pleasure Centers
University of California scientists say that long-term grief (also known as complicated grief) can activate neurons in the reward centers of the brain in a way more usually associated with addiction...
2 June 2008
When Happiness Is A Disadvantage
Psychologists conducting research into how a child's mood affects their ability to learn have found that where attention to detail is required, happy children may be at a disadvantage...
21 May 2008
Incense Found To Be Psychoactive
Biologists have discovered that burning frankincense activates poorly understood ion channels in the brain that alleviate anxiety and depression, suggesting that an entirely new class of medicinal drugs might be right under our noses...
17 March 2008
Brain's Secondary Depth-Perception Mechanism Uncovered
Neuroscientists have identified a small part of the brain that processes the image from a single eye, the motion of our bodies and the motion of our eyeball, to allow us to perceive depth with only one eye...
28 February 2008
This Is Your Brain On Jazz
Using fMRI, two scientists have discovered that when jazz musicians improvise, their brains turn off areas linked to self-censoring and inhibition, and turn on those that let self-expression flow...
15 January 2008
Aggression As Rewarding As Sex
Researchers have discovered that our brain processes aggression as a reward - much like sex, food and drugs...
17 December 2007
Brain Can Rewire Itself On-The-Fly
Dynamic connectivity in the brain allows neuronal circuits to be rewired on-the-fly, allowing stimuli to be more keenly sensed...
14 December 2007
Immune System Sculpts The Brain
The synapse elimination that occurs during the normal development of a child's brain seems to be directed by the immune system...
7 December 2007
Neuroscientists Map Violent Media's Effects On Brain
Although past studies have shown some correlation between exposure to media violence and real-life violent behavior, there has been little direct neuroscientific support for the theory until now...
24 August 2007
Leaving The Body Behind
The latest bit of paranormal hokum getting a reality check is the mystical out-of-body experience, or OBE. A collaborative team of scientists and philosophers reports progress toward understanding what happens when someone experiences an OBE and they believe that solving the mystery of OBEs will ultimately reveal where we derive our sense of self...
24 July 2007
Writer's Cramp A Sign Of Brain Abnormalities
Compared to healthy individuals, people with serious cases of writer’s cramp have less brain tissue in areas of the brain that connect with the affected hand...
18 July 2007
Mirror Neurons Show Their Xenophobic Side
The brain's mirror neuron network appears to be behind some intriguing brain responses that depend on whether we are looking at someone who shares our culture, or some goddamn crazy foreigner...
13 July 2007
Tourette's Sufferers Enjoy Superior Grammar Skills
Children with Tourette's syndrome are much quicker at certain mental grammar skills than are children without the disorder...
29 June 2007
The Information Insurgency
For good or ill, both the Agricultural and Industrial Revolutions were immutable world-changing events, so it would seem that the Information Age has a lot to live up to. But unfortunately, things aren't looking good on that front. Dispatches from intellectuals and researchers in the trenches of the Knowledge Revolution are painting a grim picture of what lies ahead for humanity...
20 June 2007
Tortoise-Hare Executive Functions Of Brain Identified
The human brain's chain-of-command relies on not one, but two quite different, although complementary, command-and-control areas...
8 May 2007
Gene Mutation Responsible For Human Intelligence Tracked Down?
Researchers have identified the gene mutation responsible for producing a protein - found only in humans - that plays a critical role in learning and memory...
13 April 2007
Eye Of The Beholder Redux
New research is not only raising some poignant questions about the nature of art appreciation, but also highlighting how both science and art have the capacity to expose the natural world beyond everyday perception...
28 March 2007
Neuronal Behavior Confounds Expectations
The idea that the electrical signal patterns generated by neurons represent the encoding of different types of cognitive information has not held up to scrutiny...
9 March 2007
The Dummies Guide To Mind Reading
Researchers have recently been able to forecast a subject's intentions. If our minds turn out to be this deterministic at much more complex levels, then the thought police could soon be on their way...
29 November 2006
Déjà Vu Research Is Outta Sight
Working with a blind subject, researchers in the UK have overturned the theory that déjà vu is connected to the optical pathway...
13 November 2006
Chaotic Neurons Enhance Brain's Processing
The brain dramatically enhances its processing power by using seemingly chaotic signals to represent the ambiguities of the real world...
30 August 2006
We Can Forget It For You Wholesale
Researchers from State University New York have described how they erased long-term memories from the brain by inhibiting a particular memory-related enzyme molecule...
14 July 2006
Letting The Brain Out Of The Box
Researchers have managed to hookup neural sensors to the brains of severely paralyzed people and have them control various external mechanical devices by thought alone. Could such technology catalyze a leap in human cognitive powers? Probably not, given what happened with other "breakthroughs" like television and the Internet. It seems that each successive technological breakthrough just delivers more titillation rather than catalyzing any significant leap in human cognition. Let's hope - probably in vain - that this time it's different...
10 July 2006
Face Blindness Caused By Single Gene
Imagine how debilitating and awkward it would be if you could not differentiate faces in a crowd. Now, researchers have found that the condition can be attributed to a single gene...
26 May 2006
Basic Instinct Not So Basic After All
Is there a fundamental difference between instinct and planned behavior? One would hope so, but recent research into tool use among apes has blurred the distinction somewhat. Indeed, it's possible that all organisms - including humans - are just running on automatic, according to a hierarchy of fixed-action-patterns triggered by key stimuli...
13 April 2006
Neurons Mix Digital And Analog Functionality
The longstanding belief that each of the brain's 100 billion neurons communicate strictly by a digital code looks to be incorrect...
6 March 2006
Risky Business Explained
Researchers working in a relatively new area of neuroscience have made progress in understanding why some people are more prone to risk taking than others...
17 February 2006
The Rain In Spain Falls Only In The Human Brain
New research suggests that humans have an innate and universal faculty to form sentences, supporting the idea that we are born with a ready-made language “module” in our brain. If grammar usage and symbol-to-object association are universal in humans, then some long standing controversies in cognitive research may finally be put to rest...
3 February 2006
Normalizing The Paranormal
“Imagination is more important than knowledge,” said Einstein. But just how far should this concept be taken? Does this mean that any idea can be imbued with an air of legitimacy just because it is being investigated scientifically? Specifically, can - and indeed should - paranormal and other unexplained phenomena be explored on a scientific basis?
21 December 2005
Gamblers’ Brains Wired For Failure
Researchers say that gamblers make the same two cognitive errors again and again when they gamble, much to the delight of casinos...
30 November 2005
Scan A Brain And Predict The Future
Scanning the brains of volunteers while they played a game has allowed neuroscientists to predict whether the volunteers will succeed or fail at the game...
21 October 2005
Delusions And Mental Illness
What does the concept of belief really mean? Does a delusion have to be false? Psychologists and neuroscientists are teaming up with philosophers to answer these questions and better understand human delusions and the belief systems we build around them...
4 October 2005
Liar, Liar, Your Prefrontal Cortex Is On Fire
Scientists have found evidence of structural brain abnormalities in pathological liars who habitually lie and cheat...
16 September 2005
Savoring The Flavoring
Are wine-buffs coaxed into buying their particular brand of poison just because that’s what current trends dictate? Is an appreciation of haute cuisine no more than a learned social behavior? These are just two of the conclusions you could draw from recent research into taste perception. According to the researchers, one person’s taste is unique from the next, with taste and odor perception being dramatically more complicated than our other sense perceptions. To understand why this is so, scientists have had to study taste at the genetic level…
2 September 2005
 Can The 10,000-Year Clock Save Humanity?
Religious differences, resource plundering and war can bring an end to even the most advanced civilizations. And while it might seem that we’re headed down the same path, an organization called the Long Now Foundation wants us to start taking a more long-term view of our planet, so that we become responsible custodians for the world our children and grandchildren will inherit. How long-term? How about 10,000 years...
5 August 2005
Is Subconscious Perception the Root of All Evil?
Not all of the brain’s data acquisition occurs consciously. Research has shown that much of the visual data that we are exposed to slips past us without being consciously registered, but still manages to continue on to the brain’s processing network. In light of this, does it follow that the incessant unchecked stream of data entering our brain’s neural pathways can have the effect of significantly influencing our behavior? Do television, cinema and video games actually have a subliminal effect on viewers?
28 July 2005
Autism, Asperger’s and Evolution
What is the difference between a genetic abnormality and genetic evolution? Is the human body’s adaptability responsible for many of the conditions that we call mental disorders? Researchers concede that the science world is still in the dark about the causes of autism and asperger’s disorder, but do believe that autism and asperger’s are most likely genetically oriented. Is it possible that in disorders such as autism and Asperger’s we are witnessing evolution at work?
8 July 2005
A Penny for Your Qualia
The word qualia accounts for the subjective sensation experienced by a person when they see a color or eat an ice cream. But are qualia quantifiable brain states or are they merely a matter of semantics? As an area of research, the study of qualia has predominantly been relegated to the domain of philosophy, but philosophers had better make up their minds fast, because current research on subjective cognition in the field of neuroscience seems determined to drag the concept of qualia out from the shadows of philosophy into the harsh light of physical science...
8 July 2005
Retina Adapts By Suppressing The Commonplace
The retina of the eye actively seeks novel features in the visual environment, adjusting its processing on-the-fly in order to seek unusual visual elements, while ignoring the commonplace...
29 June 2005
Brain Thrives On Constant, Chaotic Communication
The brain is like a Swiss Army knife, made up of a whole bunch of sub-modules that continuously chatter away to each other in a chaotic fashion...
23 June 2005
A Computer In A Single Neuron
Far from being a simple on-off switch or relay, single neurons in the human brain appear to be able to store complex data, such as the image of a person or landmark...
16 March 2005
Complex Behaviors Hard-Wired Into Primate Brains
Putting a piece of food into your mouth, smiling at a passerby, grimacing in anger, and other complex movements and reactions may be hard-wired into your brain...
23 August 2004
Linguistic Resources Shape Reality
An obscure Amazon tribe whose language contains words for only three numbers is helping researchers understand how language affects perception...
Related:
Animal Kingdom
Biology
Environment
Evolution
Genetics
Humans
Prehistory
| 
