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Which, of course, is related to the fact that low-sulfur coal sells for a premium price?
DA Morgan
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Tell us how to isolate and transport appropriate sufur species into the stratosphere in sufficient quantities without burning a planet's worth of carbon as fuel. The usual injection mechanism is volcanic, e.g., Mt. Pinatubo - and that's a Hiroshima-sized boogie.
There was no acid rain until smoke stack particulates were scrubbed. The mineral fraction is alkaline. The combo is fertilizer downwind. Enviro-whinerism made it expensive, shoddy, and deadly.
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Uncle Al wrote: "Enviro-whinerism made it expensive, shoddy, and deadly."
No Al ... politicans ... of all stripes and colours make it expensive, shoddy, and deadly.
Unrestricted capitalism is alive and well in China. It is poisoning the planet.
DA Morgan
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Originally posted by Uncle Al: Tell us how to isolate and transport appropriate sufur species into the stratosphere in sufficient quantities without burning a planet's worth of carbon as fuel. The usual injection mechanism is volcanic, e.g., Mt. Pinatubo - and that's a Hiroshima-sized boogie.
There was no acid rain until smoke stack particulates were scrubbed. The mineral fraction is alkaline. The combo is fertilizer downwind. Enviro-whinerism made it expensive, shoddy, and deadly. not sure exactly what your asking for, but they do mine sulphur, and they can send it aloft in large balloons. sending it up that high would keep it in the atmosphere for years. therefore it would not take as much as it might be supposed. they have balloons that can carry 1000 lbs of man and equipment much higher than they need for this. send it up by remote control (and recover it that way) and they could carry 600 to 1000 lbs of sulphur a day per balloon. use a hundred balloons and do it for two years and there will be a very noticeable amount in the upper air. Whether or not it would be enough, i could not tell you.
the more man learns, the more he realises, he really does not know anything.
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The article said "millions of tons of sulfur". With even half ton payloads thats `heluva a lot o` balloons. Since Crutzens degree is in chemistry, I suppose that he's evaluated the effects of all that sulfur on the air & ozone chemistry???? IIRC sulfur oxidzes slowly in air at room temp., (much as iron rusts). What would happen under U.V., and maybe in contact with ozone? He sayeth not.
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same thing that happens to it when its shot into the air by volcano's. It would mix with water to form sulphuric acid. At that altitude the sulphuric acid would form ice crystals that are extreamly light. it also blocks out the sun very well.
if they had 1000 balloons, it would only take about 5 years to put up 1 million tons of sulphur. send it up high enough and it will take 10 years to fall out.
the more man learns, the more he realises, he really does not know anything.
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All sulfur species are heavier than air. Air avg. MW=29. S atomic weight = 32. Helium lift capacity at sea level is 1 gram/liter less balloon weight. 1000 lbs of sulphur a day per balloon 500,000 liters of helium/balloon, STP. Idiot. /_\P/_\V = energy, 101.325 J/liter-atm. You are already a loser just by storing and moving gas.
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if all sulphur species are heavier than air, please explain the phenomenon of sulphur dioxide ice being in the air years after the volcanic eruption that that launched them there. For reference check out ANY volcano sites. there was evidence of sulphur from mount Pinatubo's eruption two years after the eruption. If its heavier than air it will fall in the first couple hundred miles.
before you start calling people idiots you better make sure you have your brain in full gear.
another point, if your going to try to make people look dumb, you should at least do so in some form that it readable by all the people that you are talking to. I mean, seriously, what kind of ignorant fool talks down to people with terms that they don't know and haven't the slightest chance of having the education to read.
the more man learns, the more he realises, he really does not know anything.
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All sulfur species are heavier than air. That is first semester high school chemistry.
Molecular mass of hydrogen (H2) = 2, helium (He)= 4, oxygen (O2) = 32, a single atom of sulfur (S) = 32. Combine that sulfur with oxygen (SO2) you get 64. The lightest gaseous form of sulfur possible, hydrogen sulfide (H2S), would be 34. Most of the atmosphere is nitrogen (N2) = 28.
Simple math ... not formulae.
DA Morgan
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then explain why the ice with sulphur in it stays in the atmosphere for decades after a super volcano eruption. Ice cores taken from a time up to 11 years after some of the biggest one still show traces of sulphur. test after Mount Pinatubo found traces of it 2 years afterwords. It was having a measurable effect on the entire world's temperature for 6 months. so did Mount St Helen. the ice forms very large, but low density crystals in the upper atmosphere. Only as they melt into the lower atmosphere do they fall out as sulphur rain. they are heavy enough to fall out eventually, but its the mean time that there effect is felt. The sulphuric ice from the last super volcano eruption dropped the earths tempature something in the neighborhood of 20 degrees (if i remember correctly).
before you start saying that things like this cant happen, better find out if it does already happen in nature.
the more man learns, the more he realises, he really does not know anything.
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Marvelous. Two people with degrees in chemistry agree and you, who admits to having never studied chemistry, wish to disagree.
Had you a track record that indicated a willingness to learn ... I would. But YOYO!!
DA Morgan
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if all sulphur species are heavier than air, please explain the phenomenon of sulphur dioxide ice being in the air years after the volcanic eruption that that launched them there. Where would religion be without stalwart ignorance? Hey git, name a sulfur species that is less dense than air, plus a literature citation. Why does a gram of goose down float in the air and a gram of lead fall like a lead ball? Cesium iodide has a density of 4.51 g/cm^3. How does it stay homogeneously dissolved in water? (Hint: density gradient centrifugation).
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Originally posted by Uncle Al: if all sulphur species are heavier than air, please explain the phenomenon of sulphur dioxide ice being in the air years after the volcanic eruption that that launched them there. Where would religion be without stalwart ignorance? Hey git, name a sulfur species that is less dense than air, plus a literature citation.
Why does a gram of goose down float in the air and a gram of lead fall like a lead ball? Cesium iodide has a density of 4.51 g/cm^3. How does it stay homogeneously dissolved in water? (Hint: density gradient centrifugation). Seems like someone (Uncle Al) has made grandiose comments like "theory is the handmaden of experiment" or some such phrase (that even Uncle Al has forgotten). The man says that experimentally the sulfer compounds are found in the air years after they are ejected by volcanos. Uncle Al states that theoretically this can't happen. Either attack the facts or be consistent with your own philosophy.
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Originally posted by Uncle Al: if all sulphur species are heavier than air, please explain the phenomenon of sulphur dioxide ice being in the air years after the volcanic eruption that that launched them there. Where would religion be without stalwart ignorance? Hey git, name a sulfur species that is less dense than air, plus a literature citation.
Why does a gram of goose down float in the air and a gram of lead fall like a lead ball? Cesium iodide has a density of 4.51 g/cm^3. How does it stay homogeneously dissolved in water? (Hint: density gradient centrifugation). Seems like someone (Uncle Al) has made grandiose comments like "theory is the handmaden of experiment" or some such phrase (that even Uncle Al has forgotten). The man says that experimentally the sulfer compounds are found in the air years after they are ejected by volcanos. Uncle Al states that theoretically this can't happen. Either attack the facts or be consistent with your own philosophy.
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Originally posted by DA Morgan: Marvelous. Two people with degrees in chemistry agree and you, who admits to having never studied chemistry, wish to disagree.
Had you a track record that indicated a willingness to learn ... I would. But YOYO!! if theory does not fit the evidence, something is wrong with the theory. Nuclear winter
"When a super volcano goes off, it is an order of magnitude greater than a normal eruption. It produces energy equivalent to an impact with a comet or an asteroid.
"You can try diverting an asteroid. But there is nothing at all you can do about a super volcano.
"The eruption throws cubic kilometres of rock, ash, dust, sulphur dioxide and so on into the upper atmosphere, where they reflect incoming solar radiation, forcing down temperatures on the Earth's surface. It's just like a nuclear winter.
"The effects could last four or five years, with crops failing and the whole ecosystem breaking down. And it is going to happen again some day." http://www.mgr.org/YellowSuperV.html please explain why chemistry experts don't know the chemistry that geologist and volcanologist know. It would appear to me that someone who has the ability to read has a better understanding of this particular part of chemistry than the supposed experts. Recently, observations from ice cores have been made on the possible effects of the Toba super-eruption, 75,000 years ago. If these data do reflect the Toba event, they suggest that aerosol formation and fallout lasted for six years. The volcanic winter would not only be more severe than for a Pinatubo-scale eruption, but would last much longer. Models suggest that a Toba-sized super-eruption would inject so much sulphur gas into the atmosphere that the stratosphere chemistry would be substantially perturbed - allowing for more prolonged climate-forcing. Some models suggest super-eruptions can cause cooling of 3°C to 5°C, which in global climate terms represents a catastrophic change http://www.surfingtheapocalypse.net/cgi-bin/archive.cgi?read=70141
the more man learns, the more he realises, he really does not know anything.
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Originally posted by Uncle Al: if all sulphur species are heavier than air, please explain the phenomenon of sulphur dioxide ice being in the air years after the volcanic eruption that that launched them there. Where would religion be without stalwart ignorance? Hey git, name a sulfur species that is less dense than air, plus a literature citation.
Why does a gram of goose down float in the air and a gram of lead fall like a lead ball? Cesium iodide has a density of 4.51 g/cm^3. How does it stay homogeneously dissolved in water? (Hint: density gradient centrifugation). its not a religion or ignorance. it fact. try to read something save your own books. try to think about how its possible for things to happen that you are not told will by theories. If your theories dont meet known facts, perhaps you need to find new theories.
the more man learns, the more he realises, he really does not know anything.
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heres another site to read about the effects of sulphur in the atmosphere. http://www.theweatheroutlook.com/commviewarticle.asp?id=95 it mentions a theory that the dark ages were caused by one of Krakatoa's lesser known eruptions.
the more man learns, the more he realises, he really does not know anything.
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The man says that experimentally the sulfer compounds are found in the air years after they are ejected by volcanos. Uncle Al states that theoretically this can't happen. No, stupid boring critic troll. How does SF6 MW=146.06 so happily make it up into the stratosphere? F3CSF5 is also up there inciting Enviro-whiner outrage, MW=196.07. The atmosphere gets colder with altitude, not warmer. Cold air is denser than warm air, git. Why doesn't the atmosphere overturn? Quartz has a density of 2.635 g/cm^3. Air has a density of 0.0013 g/cm^3 - a factor of 2000 less. Ever seen a sandstorm, git? Stokes law, Brownian motion, wind. What is the density of 1 ppm SO2 in air vs. pure air? It's a convention of idiots plus a retarded clown.
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Originally posted by Uncle Al: The man says that experimentally the sulfer compounds are found in the air years after they are ejected by volcanos. Uncle Al states that theoretically this can't happen. No, stupid boring critic troll. How does SF6 MW=146.06 so happily make it up into the stratosphere? F3CSF5 is also up there inciting Enviro-whiner outrage, MW=196.07. The atmosphere gets colder with altitude, not warmer. Cold air is denser than warm air, git. Why doesn't the atmosphere overturn?
Quartz has a density of 2.635 g/cm^3. Air has a density of 0.0013 g/cm^3 - a factor of 2000 less. Ever seen a sandstorm, git? Stokes law, Brownian motion, wind. What is the density of 1 ppm SO2 in air vs. pure air?
It's a convention of idiots plus a retarded clown. ok expert, what is the density of sulpher/water ice crystals? if your going to be an idiot and not read what is there. then stop bothering trying to pretend you know everything. you obviously dont. otherwise you would know that sulpher and water freezes into very large but low weight ice crystals in the upper atmoshere. why not try to find out what is happening in the real world before you pontificate on what can and cant happen.
the more man learns, the more he realises, he really does not know anything.
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