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If given that c is the speed of light, if a photon, say, travels in open empty space for one second, how far will the photon be from its starting point in one second?

You might say this would be obviously, c, but what about the consideration of the expansion of the Universe during this second? Is this distance c + (expanded space) or is it still c, where c = (expanded space) + X?

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Space is expanding not stretching so the answer is c.

If what you said was real you would also be getting taller, wider, fatter because you would also be stretching you and earth are you are both in timespace as well.

Imagine you in a ballon and its being blown up the walls are moving out but nothing is changing in the ballon.

For us the walls for timespace are racing out into the nothingness so space is getting bigger and bigger.

Assuming there are no constraints, which I can not give you a scientific guarantee of, eventually the universe will become a bleak empty place and when we look up at the heavens there will be few stars as the matter of the universe will be vastly spaced out.


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ADVANCE DISCUSSION MAY BE BEYOND YOUR PHYSICS

The question the expanding universe always brings up is how can the universe expand if it is the universe into what is it expanding and whats this edge look look.

This is in the technical domain called the universe event horizon. In GR/SR dominant days this event horizon was considered absolute as was like a black hole horizon. Things simply ceased to exist in our space when they crossed them.

With the rise of QM as not only real and important but consolidated in science terms this view of event horizons became untenable.

QM information as represented by tiny spins could not be destroyed much as we tried. QM information does not see gravity like matter sees gravity because they are little waves and so they can not simply be crushed out of existance at a black hole event horizon.

This tenant was eventually accepted by Stephen Hawking who when he incorporated the idea into the GR/SR mathematics came up with a remarkable conclusion. That based upon the Quantum Information the event horizons of black holes must have temperature and there emit radiation, named after him as Hawking Radiation. It spawned a whole new area of study called black hole thermodynamics (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_hole_thermodynamics).

In the meantime QM had advanced tremendously and understanding the implications of what QM was implying we created out first artifical equivalents of event horizons in glass and fibre optics in 2008.

http://spectrum.ieee.org/aerospace/astro...g-optical-fiber
http://physicsworld.com/cws/article/news/33256

These experiments have continued getting ever more advanced and many showing emission which would be characterised as Hawking radiation.

In the meantime QM turned it's sites back on the universe event horizon.

Way back in 1976 Bill Unruh had made the realization that GR/SR implied that an inertial observer would see temperature. In other words if you accelerate a thermometer it will record a temperature. At the time it was one of those hotly debated odities and largely ignored.

However for QM this was a big deal especially out on the universe event horizon. For QM whats on the inside of is the same as what is on the outside except for QM information.

Where this leads QM is that our space is simply the energy filled section of a much bigger empty space.

My english is not up to simplifying this down so I will use wiki text from unruh effect entry (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unruh_effect)

Quote:

Vacuum interpretation

In modern terms, the concept of "vacuum" is not the same as "empty space", as all of space is filled with the quantized fields that make up a universe. Vacuum is simply the lowest possible energy state of these fields, a very different definition from "empty".

The energy states of any quantized field are defined by the Hamiltonian, based on local conditions, including the time coordinate. According to special relativity, two observers moving relative to each other must use different time coordinates. If those observers are accelerating, there may be no shared coordinate system. Hence, the observers will see different quantum states and thus different vacua.

In some cases, the vacuum of one observer is not even in the space of quantum states of the other. In technical terms, this comes about because the two vacua lead to unitarily inequivalent representations of the quantum field canonical commutation relations. This is because two mutually accelerating observers may not be able to find a globally defined coordinate transformation relating their coordinate choices.

An accelerating observer will perceive an apparent event horizon forming (see Rindler spacetime). The existence of Unruh radiation could be linked to this apparent event horizon, putting it in the same conceptual framework as Hawking radiation. On the other hand, the theory of the Unruh effect explains that the definition of what constitutes a "particle" depends on the state of motion of the observer.

The (free) field needs to be decomposed into positive and negative frequency components before defining the creation and annihilation operators. This can only be done in spacetimes with a timelike Killing vector field. This decomposition happens to be different in Cartesian and Rindler coordinates (although the two are related by a Bogoliubov transformation). This explains why the "particle numbers", which are defined in terms of the creation and annihilation operators, are different in both coordinates.

The Rindler spacetime has a horizon, and locally any non-extremal black hole horizon is Rindler. So the Rindler spacetime gives the local properties of black holes and cosmological horizons. The Unruh effect would then be the near-horizon form of the Hawking radiation



This has massive implications

- Space no longer ends at the universe event horizon
- It's actually possible to have 2 or many "universes" in one big empty space is our universe unique to the empty universe?
- Are particles real or are they just the virtual effects expected


I am afraid we don't have alot of answer we have alot of questions.

The one thing we do predict if that view is correct the Higgs particle will not exist because remember particles are only virtual effects caused by inertia.


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Originally Posted By: Orac
Space is expanding not stretching so the answer is c. ... For us the walls for time-space are racing out into the nothingness so space is getting bigger and bigger.
... eventually the universe will become a bleak empty place and when we look up at the heavens there will be few stars as the matter of the universe will be vastly spaced out.
Orac, I think I understand what you just wrote. However, I can't say that I understand what this means for us now, or even for those who come after us.
May add: Whenever I try to read articles about the latest findings, like the one, as follows, which you mentioned--
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unruh_effect --I have to admit I am a loss as to what it, especially the maths, is all about.
However, when I read you say--and note my edit
Quote:
I am afraid we don't have a lot of answers, we have a lot of questions.

The one thing we do predict, if that view is correct, is: It will be found that the Higgs particle will not exist, because, remember, particles are only virtual effects caused by inertia.
I don't feel quite so blank.
=====================
The story is told of an art teacher who, noticed that one of the students seemed lost in trance-like thought as he drew.
The teacher stopped and asked the student:
"What are you drawing?"
"I am drawing a picture of God" the student said.
"But no one knows what God looks like" said the teacher.
"They will when I am finished" said the student. smile


Voltaire(1694-1778), the French author, humanist, rationalist, & satirist was once asked his idea of God. He is credited with responding: "God is a circle whose center is everywhere and whose circumference nowhere."

Me? G.O.D. is an unfinished and individualized process-like concept . The child within me is happy using the imagination. However, the adult I am wants to add intellect, reason, science--with all those questions.

Sure I appreciate the role and value of childhood, but in no way do I object to facing the questions of life--even the tough ones without answers, yet.







G~O~D--Now & ForeverIS:Nature, Nurture & PNEUMA-ture, Thanks to Warren Farr&ME AT www.unitheist.org
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Originally Posted By: O
Assuming there are no constraints, which I can not give you a scientific guarantee of, eventually the universe will become a bleak empty place and when we look up at the heavens there will be few stars as the matter of the universe will be vastly spaced out.


My understanding is that it is the galaxy groups that are moving apart. If this is the case would it not be that the gravitational force between the groups would lessen. Thus, the gravitational attraction within the groups, and individual galaxies, would become more dominant, pulling bodies closer together. should we not then see more stars as we look up?


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Originally Posted By: Bill S.
My understanding is that it is the galaxy groups that are moving apart. If this is the case would it not be that the gravitational force between the groups would lessen. Thus, the gravitational attraction within the groups, and individual galaxies, would become more dominant, pulling bodies closer together. should we not then see more stars as we look up?

That of course depends on some things we don't quite understand yet. For example, my understanding of dark energy is that after it pushes all the galaxies apart it will continue to push the stars in the galaxies apart, then all matter will be pushed apart, until even the subatomic particles are disintegrated. Of course this depends a lot on just what dark energy is and how it operates.

And someplace just recently I saw that somebody is questioning the reality of dark energy. He thinks that the apparent acceleration in the expansion of the universe is a problem with the measurement. Ah! here it is Physorg.com has the story.

Bill


C is not the speed of light in a vacuum.
C is the universal speed limit.
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Originally Posted By: Bill
[quote=Bill S.]... Of course this depends a lot on just what dark energy is and how it operates.... Bill
Is dark energy dark? If so, dark what? Black, Brown? whatever. Is there such a think as light energy?


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Bill S exactly what Bill G said is correct I would have to know what the dark stuff is to know what will happen.

In my group we talk about space pressure because in some ways it's like air pressure or hydrolic pressure rather than dark energy or dark matter .. remember it's "dark" because we can't see it.

For Rev: I assume you use a remote on A TV. There is an invisible beam that you can't see because it's outside your eyes range of light. Does it make it any less real just because you can't see it, I mean we even call it an invisible beam yet you can see the result?

What I call space pressure because Dark Energy or Dark matter has become so distorted by the public in exactly the way you just did. Just because I can't see it doesn't mean I can't measure it's effect.

If you truely believed in only visible things then get up and walk to your TV and change channels.

Last edited by Orac; 11/10/11 03:19 AM.

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The more interesting thing which I always find funny is people seem to ignore the interesting thing with QM version of the universe.

There could actually be a universe next door expanding like us and eventually we will collide. We have seen galaxies collide and QM opens the door our universe could actually collide with another.

Technically we would say two space event horizons met.

See we have no way of knowing how big the unenergized space is or if there are other universes doing the same as us. We could have a whole new layer on space and it could be a whole lot bigger than we even think of it now.

Everytime I see bubble wrap plastic I always wonder :-)

Last edited by Orac; 11/10/11 03:40 AM.

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Ethan over at "starts with a bang" has put up a background of physics fundemental constants which will aid if we have discussions beyond the depth we have covered so far.

http://scienceblogs.com/startswithabang/2011/11/are_the_fundamental_constants.php

This covers the finding the universe expansion may not be uniform.


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That link is interesting. I generally check Ethan's blog, but not today, at least not until I saw your link. I have seen reports of this finding, but hadn't seen a good discussion of it. I have been dubious about it. But I have a lot of respect for Ethan and if he says there may be something to it I will accept that. Of course even he says it may have a problem of some sort. Once again we will just have to wait and see.

Bill Gill


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C is the universal speed limit.
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Originally Posted By: Orac
For Rev: I assume you use a remote on A TV. There is an invisible beam that you can't see because it's outside your eyes range of light.

Does it make it any less real just because you can't see it ... ?
Orac, of course not. I acknowledge that there are very real and physical results which are caused by invisible beams of "light".

GENESIS 1:3: Then God commanded, "Let there be light"--and light appeared.
===============
For me, one of the qualities of what I call G.O.D. is light--pure, but mostly invisible, light. Then you add
Quote:
What I call space pressure, because Dark Energy or Dark matter has become so distorted by the public, in exactly the way you just did. Just because I can't see it doesn't mean I can't measure it's effect....
I distorted (twisted out of shape)? All I did was ask questions. When expert physicists use words like "dark matter" or "dark energy", is it not up to them to clarify what they mean?

SPACE PRESSURE?
You say you call it "space pressure"?. Is it similar to air pressure, like in a tire? Or blood pressure, like in the body? What do your fellow physicists say when you use the term "space pressure" ?


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Yes those are good analogies.

If you look at a flat rubber tire tube the rubber has elasticity you pump air in you inflate the tire but there is pressure trying to expel the air from the rubber elasticity.

We see "unused" space as space with no energy at what we call zero potential as energy is put into it it assumes a new "ground" potential but that is not zero it is the equivalent of your tire pressure.

We are not sure if energy is pushed in or we are looking more like space as a sponge where it absorbs energy. From inside your tire your would not be sure if air was being pumped in or a vacuum cleaner was sucking air in. Push and pull of energy into zero energy space would look the same to us.


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I guess I shouldn't really complain about finiter if our own scientists are going to do it

Here => (http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v479/n7371/full/479006a.html)

Quote:

In September, CERN's council discussed a report on ‘The scientific significance of the possible exclusion of the SM Higgs boson in the mass range 114–600 GeV and how it should be best communicated'. The public version of the document, available online, emphasizes that the failure to find the Higgs would be just as exciting as a discovery. Privately, discussions are under way on whether the lab should announce that a negative result ‘excludes' the Higgs, which sounds final, or merely ‘disfavours' it — as 95% leaves a bit of wriggle room.


At best I will say they are trying to cover there Butts as they sold the LHC that it would find the higgs. At worst they are doing a finiter and trying to deny the result because they so cherish there little higgs particle. So I really hope it's more a PR disaster reason.

You know my view on the Higgs from the above discussion, finding the Higgs would cause us some angst with recent QM experimental observations, so for us no Higgs is good news.


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Originally Posted By: Orac
I guess I shouldn't really complain about finiter if our own scientists are going to do it

You know my view on the Higgs from the above discussion, finding the Higgs would cause us some angst with recent QM experimental observations, so for us no Higgs is good news.

A very nice comment. But I would add a little more: 'The QM wizards will do the very same thing when confronted with such a situation; let us wait and see'.

'No Higgs' is good for my theory, and so I welcome it.

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I suspect that even if The Higgs is dead, it will not lie down very readily.


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Originally Posted By: finiter

A very nice comment. But I would add a little more: 'The QM wizards will do the very same thing when confronted with such a situation; let us wait and see'.

'No Higgs' is good for my theory, and so I welcome it.


No we don't believe in anything .. I have been consistantly told that, finiter :-)

While not true it's close.

QM basicly saying the universe is a whole lot bigger and weirder than science had it.

Man started this journey with the earth as the centre of the universe with stars, moon and sun circling us.

We came to realize that we were a planet and circled the sun. Then we realized that those stars were other suns.

Next we realized that different suns were part of galaxies and those galxies were moving about a thing called the universe.

QM is telling you that may not be the end of it because the universe event front is racing out into something and the QM information had to come from somewhere.

Perhaps as a final comment I should show a link to what happens when you put a schrödinger wave equation for a particle, the basis of all quantum mechanics, in a 3D box.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ONvEH8tddbI

Last edited by Orac; 11/12/11 01:25 AM.

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Originally Posted By: O
There could actually be a universe next door expanding like us and eventually we will collide.


Does QM make any proposals as to what the nature of the "space" between these universes be?


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Unenergized empty space it's covered in the unruh section

Quote:

In modern terms, the concept of "vacuum" is not the same as "empty space", as all of space is filled with the quantized fields that make up a universe. Vacuum is simply the lowest possible energy state of these fields, a very different definition from "empty".




Last edited by Orac; 11/12/11 01:27 PM.

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Originally Posted By: Orac
While not true it's close.
QM basicly saying the universe is a whole lot bigger and weirder than science had it.

Remember, 'while not true it's close' is a statement showing belief. The QM people rather believe it. But, there have been such 'close encounters' in the past. Laplace's law of determinism was one such 'close to end'. Now 'determinism' is out and 'chaos' is in. I think 'determinism' will come back.

I believe that the universe is much simpler than what is now being portrayed. However, if it is actually weirder, we have no choice but to agree with the QM concepts.

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"Unenergized empty space"

Is that space full of "stuff", virtual "stuff" and energy (virtual or otherwise)that is simply in the lowest possible energy state?

At the boundaries, does it interact with the universes?


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Originally Posted By: O
QM basicly saying the universe is a whole lot bigger and weirder than science had it.


The more I read of what QM is saying about the Universe, the more I think I should like it.


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Originally Posted By: Bill S.
"Unenergized empty space"

Is that space full of "stuff", virtual "stuff" and energy (virtual or otherwise)that is simply in the lowest possible energy state?

At the boundaries, does it interact with the universes?


Remember this one of of many theories in QM but it is the one most relevant to this discussion. The others are Quantum loop theories and string theories.

In this unruh version the unenergised space is simply space at the lowest possible energy state. The universe event front represents the wavefront of it being charged up to a vacuum state as we see it.

One way to visualize it get a big dry sponge then drop a coloured liquid drop in the midle and watch it spread out.

At the boundary the Quantum field energy is continually charging up new new space as it races out.

Last edited by Orac; 11/12/11 06:56 PM.

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Originally Posted By: Bill S.
Originally Posted By: O
There could actually be a universe next door expanding like us and eventually we will collide.


Does QM make any proposals as to what the nature of the "space" between these universes be?


Exactly whatever our space is made of minus the quantum fields.


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So all the Pop Sci books that tell us that the Universe is not expanding into anything are either behind the times, or following a different theory in a sort of "anything goes" scientific jungle.

Go for it, Finiter! Even if Orac is right in this Universe, there's going to be one out there in which you will have the last laugh. laugh


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Science is a progression based on new observation.

I sort of cringe at theories of the seventies era and I note string and quantum loop theorists are now sort of laughed at called stringies and loopies.

When everett proposed the multiverse it was howled at and then became mainstream almost.

This is just another in a long line of theories it will take but one inconsistant observation to kill it, something that finiter won't accept and why his theory isn't science.

The current phase space QM theory currently has no inconsistancies and it has a number of predictions on the table the failure of anyone of them and the theory falls.

I like its elegant symplicity but that is often a death kiss as with the Higgs mechanism simplicity is not a criteria for nature.

The next two years will make or break phase space there are a number of important tests set to happen on which the theory will pass or faulter and die.

Meanwhile I look forward to mondays conference announcements which I will report in as soon as I hear.


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QM really makes me confused. Classical Theories gone wrong in QM. I want to ask, why phase factor=e^(kx-wt+phi) ? The induction of Schrodinger's equation is easy. but where is this e^(kx-wt+phi) come from?

Momentum is proportional to frequency. p=hf
Can we measure motion which smaller than h-bar? and now, why is h-bar?

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Originally Posted By: gan
QM really makes me confused. Classical Theories gone wrong in QM.


That is because we believe classical theories were always wrong. People thought the world was flat because thats what you see, until you can circum-navigate it and make other key observations then you realize it isn't flat.

Perception is everything to us and we most easily decieve ourselves.

Originally Posted By: gan

I want to ask, why phase factor=e^(kx-wt+phi) ? The induction of Schrodinger's equation is easy. but where is this e^(kx-wt+phi) come from?


It comes from the premise that phase space has that there are two and exactly two positions for matter in the universe created by two waves in superposition. Unlike Everetts multiverse where there are many universes phase space has only two so when something is in superposition it is oscillating between them.

Look at the formulation of two standing waves beating against each other (http://www.kettering.edu/physics/drussell/Demos/superposition/superposition.html)

See superposition is not unique to QM it's a behaviour of any normal waves.

So the derivation of that formula describes two wave spaces in superposition beating against each other.

This one is an overview that is reasonably old it still shows compatability of the theory with other theories like SUSY but it will give you an feel for the subject because it's reasonable simple presentation

http://www.lpt.ens.fr/IMG/pdf/Bars.pdf

It all sounds weird until you realize that you need this sort of mathematics for describing movement in an ocean because you have wind and tide motions which create standing waves.

If you tried to describe motion on an ocean with no global reference, so you are at sea no GPS no sign of land how do you describe your motion? You can only do it realive to things around you like a log on the water etc. But you have a huge problem don't you because you realize that you must be drifting but without reference how do you calculate that, think about what your world looks like.

I am sure sailors who have been lost at sea could describe the world very well for you. See phase space is not so strange if you are far out at sea with no GPS :-)

Quote:

Momentum is proportional to frequency. p=hf
Can we measure motion which smaller than h-bar? and now, why is h-bar?


You can not measure anything smaller than the smallest beat between the two wave spaces which becomes your plank constants. Thats another strength of the theory it explains why plank distance, plank time etc exist. And that explains your question if you follow the extraction of formulas out.

Phase space is not going to be like string theory hang around for a longtime if it's wrong because it makes alot of predictions it will die very fast if wrong.

Last edited by Orac; 11/13/11 04:52 AM.

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Wow! And now can explain me the Hermitian operator ?

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I think you mean Hamiltonian operator gan and this is probably going to get way outside you understanding at a full level unless you have exceptional mathematics.

So lets se if I can simplify this ... I am going to take some liberties here so you can follow so this is a layman approximation.

Essentially the hamiltonian is going to going to be the sum of the kinetic and potential energies which is all reasonably easy in our normal classical world.

I have taken a liberty here in that we have to assume the system is closed and speeds and acceleration are not relativistic so we don't need to consider special relativy time effects.

So the Hamiltonian operator would describe the movement of energy across time.

All of your normal classical motion laws can be described by hamiltonian operators.

If you look at a normal orbital of a planet around the sun you are probably aware the planet goes fast near the sun and slows down as it goes away. There is kinetic energy and gravitational potential energy exchanging backwards and forwards and the planet has a total energy (see this example of the working http://www.arachnoid.com/gravitation_equations/orbital_mechanics.html)

In that sample the combined energy I could rewrite the energy with respect to time of the planets position relative to the sun. Lets say I chose the position closest to the sun and called it time t = 0. I could then rewrite the energy with respect to that time and position as an equation and that would be a simple Hamiltonian operator.

Why are they useful? we already have the laws of motion and could calculate everything anyhow. That is true but say I gave you two orbiting planets at 90 degrees to each other, how do I calculate if and when the two planets will collide.

What the hamiltonian operator form of the orbitals will allowed you to do is solve for time the planets collide.

What happens if another sun drifts in and makes our sun bigger over a period of 20 years, okay it can't happen but you get the idea. What is happening is we need a way to change the energy in the system slowly over time so it correctly portraits the situation. Your classic laws assume things are fixed not evolving over time and at any point you calculate them they will be only correct for one point in time if the system is evolving.

In cosmology and QM hamiltonian operators describe how things partiles, planets, balls, objects or you and me whatever exchange energy over time.

If you want to know more it's probably best you do some reading because some of these details I find extremely difficult to simplify especially with English being my second well third language :-)

Last edited by Orac; 11/13/11 03:45 PM.

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Originally Posted By: Bill S.

Go for it, Finiter! Even if Orac is right in this Universe, there's going to be one out there in which you will have the last laugh.

No, nothing short of this 'very universe of ours' will do. If Orac is willing, let him take one of the others.

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I mean Hermitian operator. Yeah, I know Hamiltonian mechanics well smile

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This is going to get very involved and very maths abstract gan :-)

You will need to give me some background do you know about matrix mathematics and hermite curves in you want to go deeper than what I am about to do for simplicity?

So you have your hamiltonian operator which is how your systems is evolving over time, which you understand.

Since by definition your hamiltonian has the dimension of energy then if we are describing that system from a waveform input as in QM (schrodinger wave equation) then we can describe your hamiltonian via a matrix calculation and that matrix eigenvalues are real.

Essentially what we are saying is we can tie the movement of our input waveforms through to your hamiltonian system.

Many matrix solutions provide non real solutions so your hamiltonian will work when we look at a static value but it will not play out in the correct order if we looked at it over time. So given a wave input your hamiltonian values would plot to some correct value but when we slowly move the input wave the output would jump all over the place to a value on our output but the time sequence would be all wrong.

A hermitian operator is a solution from your input waveform to your hamiltonian system so it is time consistant or smooth as opposed to one that jumps around all over the place.

I guess if you imagine a joystick as your waveform input connected thru your computer to some machine. If you imagine the joystick has 256 positions what you want is a fluent movement not the 256 positions being represented all weirdly on the machine so it jumped around all over the place. Such a nice mapping I would call hermitian in operation.

In QM all observable properties must be represented by hermitian operators as we don't see balls jumping from one location to another then back they move fluently.

The reason for that requirement is the mathematics will give you many solutions but many will be of that jumpy, jerky type which are not hermitian.

The background of this sort of movement is hermite curves and hence the expression.

So hermitian operators are what we would call possible real world solutions there will be many other jerky, disjointed solutions.

I have taken a few liberties again because this is very difficult to bring down to this sort of level.

Last edited by Orac; 11/13/11 05:13 PM.

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Now, the following makes sense to me:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Hermite

So, what is the practical value of hermite curves?
==================
I have no idea the meaning of the following, but it does show what the curves look like:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cubic_Hermite_spline

http://www.cubic.org/docs/hermite.htm


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From my point of view, that was a fortunate misunderstanding. I almost understand hamiltonian operators now - almost. smile

Thanks Orac.


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Yes I wasn't expecting a 15 year to understand hamiltonian operators either Bill S ... I couldn't even imagine he would have run across hermite continuity conditions.

Our Gan is very gifted ... watch out :-)


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thx for the praise. I am not gifted, but I have a well basic on maths. I can just run through and understand all the mathematical abstract formulas. Like Hamiltonian operators and Hermition Operator. Thx Orac. You really solve many of my difficulties on "non-maths" in Hermition Operator.

http://www.cubic.org/docs/hermite.htm
this describe well.. Thx Revlgking. And my last question smile

I have some problems on bra-ket vector.
alpha lA> + beta lB> = lZ>
<ZlZ>=alpha alpha* + beta beta* + alpha* beta <AlB> + alpha beta* <BlA>
And the probability should added up and equals to 1. So
<ZlZ> = 1
And now,
alpha alpha* + beta beta* = 1
<AlB> and <BlA> = 0 am I right?

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This ones for you Gan.

Thats the new unifying Quantum theory that everyone has been excited about

http://www.nature.com/news/proof-found-for-unifying-quantum-principle-1.9352

Don't ask me to explain it .. I can't sorry way to complex mathematics.

The paper is in the references if you think you are up to it.


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Quote:
When John Cardy proposed a far-reaching principle to constrain all possible theories of quantum particles and fields1, he expected it to be quickly rebutted.


If Cardy had been posting this in SAGG, should it have been in Physics or NQS?


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It's science Bill because it extends things.

The rules for science theories are really simple there are exactly two

Here is the reference (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_theory)

Look at Essential criteria there are two rules:

1.) It is consistent with pre-existing theory, to the extent the pre-existing theory was experimentally verified, though it will often show pre-existing theory to be wrong in an exact sense.

2.) It is supported by many strands of evidence, rather than a single foundation, ensuring it is probably a good approximation, if not totally correct.


Those two rules are set in stone by all science organisation because of what they do, expand science ever outwards.

Intelligent Design, PreEarths theory and Finiters Theory may meet essential criteria 2, we would have to look at that as a seperate issue.

However they all fail criteria 1. The net effect of failing criteria one is we would be contracting science, stuff that is currently explainable and calculatable suddenly isn't accepted or explainable?????.

Science does not allow itself to go backwards it is the number 1 rule and not open for discussion.

Lets take a wild leap Intelligent Design, Finiters and Preearth theories basis behind there theory could even be correct. They can't be totally correct because they can't explain some observations. So science simple sides on the one that can explain more.

Thus Intelligent Design, PreEarths theory and Finiters theory may be limitedly correct (although I really doubt all 3 as we haven't applied test 2 yet). They still are not scientific and can not be taught as science because they create contraction in knowledge. There job if they want to become science is to expand out and extend science.

If you like many theories are born non scientific and only when they expand out to meet and expand science can they become scientific.

We can even have scientific discussions about ideas in Intelligent Design, Finiters Theory and PreEarth theories and in general any new theory goes through that process.

They cross the line when they try and say they are scientific what they have breached in doing that is rule 1 of scientific theories.

Go back to the finiter thread

Finiter => I have a theory about the universe.
Science => absolutely no problem there, shoot.
Finiter => QM doesn't exist.
Science => Umm ok so what explains all the QM stuff
Finiter => I don't know some alternate explaination someone will work it out
Science => ummm ok so this isn't a science theory then.
Finiter => Yes it is now lets talk about the definition of science.
Science => Umm no not up to you and I to define science

Finiters theories problem is it denies QM and does not fix the observations and calculations it can never become science it is in the same boat as Intelligent Design.

Now go back up to the article above from John Cardy he created a scientific theory. It was always a scientific theory because it expanded science outwards. All current observations still work under the new theory so the only question that then remained was does it add in new observations to prove itself. It does so it can overturn the old theory because it explains all the current observations and adds new ones in .. that is it expands science.

So whenever you look at a theory ask yourself does this expand our knowledge, if yes then it is scientific, no it contracts it then that theory is not scientific. Remembering here we are assuming we have observations and experiments to verify it is true, it can't be just made up.

Last edited by Orac; 11/18/11 05:56 AM.

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