1. The Second Law (of thermodynamics) requires that entropy in the Universe increase with time.

2. The entropy of the Universe at the Big Bang must have been very much less than its current entropy.

3. Any local decrease in entropy must be more than balanced by increase on a cosmic scale.

4. If the expanding Universe is constantly gaining entropy, it would seem logical to expect that contraction would lead to lower entropy.

5. Contraction under gravity leads to increased entropy, resulting from velocity changes and the associated rise in temperature of the contracting group.

6. If the expansion of the Universe were reversed, the resulting contraction would be gravitational, so entropy would have to increase.

7. If the universe is cyclic, then the entropy of each cycle must be higher than that of the preceding cycles.

8. Is there a limit to the level of entropy that can be attained?

9. If there is a limit, and if the cosmos, i.e. the totality of cyclic universes, is infinite; why was this limit not reached infinitely long ago?


There never was nothing.